Gas Laws And The Mole Ch. 8 Flashcards
Properties of particles in a solid
Closely packed, constant vibration, on heating the vibration increases until they break free and a liquid is formed, defined shape and volume
Properties of a liquid
Close together, can flow, no defined shape but defined volume
Properties of gases
Relatively free from one another, no defined volume or shape, move in a rapid and random manner
Define diffusion
Spontaneous spreading out of a substance due to the natural movement of particles
State Boyles law
At a constant temperature the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas. P x V = constant
State Charles law
At constant pressure the volume of a gas is proportional to the Kelvin temperature. V / T = constant
What is Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes
When gases react, the volume consumed in the reaction bear a simple whole number ratio to each other, and to the volumes of any gaseous product of the reaction, all volumes being measured under the same temperature and pressure
What is Avogadro’s law
Equal volumes of gases, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, contain equal numbers of molecules.
Define the mole
The amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms of C-12 in 12g of C-12
How do you convert from moles to molecules or molecules to moles
Multiply / divide by Avogadro’s constant
How do you go from molecules to atoms or atoms to molecules
Multiply / divide by the number of atoms in the molecule
How to go from moles to volume or from volume to moles
Multiply / divide by 22.4 or 24 L / 22400cm^3 or 24000cm^3
Define relative molecular mass
The average mass of a molecule of the substance relative to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of C-12
How to convert mass to moles or moles to mass
Divide by r.m.m / multiply by R.m.m
What is the kinetic theory of gases
Gases are made up of particles whose diameter is negligible compared to the distance between them. There are no attractive or repulsive forces between these particles. Particles are in constant rapid motion. The average kinetic energy is proportional to the Kelvin temperature. All collisions are perfectly elastic.
