gas laws Flashcards
Boyle’s law
states that pressure and volume are inversely related
meaning if volume goes up (larger container) then my pressure would go down. (temperature is a constant)
Charle’s law
states that if pressure is constant, volume is directly proportionate to temperature. so if temperature increase the volume would increase as well. if temperature decreases then volume would decrease.
Gay lussac’s law or Amonton’s law
pressure is proportionate to temperature. meaning that when temperature goes up pressure would go up too.
Ex. a balloon in the heat would expand due to pressure increasing inside the balloon
what eq do you get when combing all gas laws
ideal gas law for RTs
P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
diffusion
is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
graham’s law
when temperature and pressure are constant, the mass of a gas is inversely proportionate to diffusion rate
what that means is a larger gas would diffuse more slowly than a smaller one.
henry’s law
Henry’s Law states that the amount of gas that can dissolve in a liquid (blood) is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid. meaning that when the partial pressure goes up the dissolubility of the gas also goes up
combination of the two laws that affect diffusion
comparison between rates of diffusion of O2 and CO2 when pressure gradients, distances, cross-sectional area, and temp are equal
-This shows that under the above conditions, CO2 would diffuse about 19 times faster than O2
fick’s law
diffusion of a gas across a semi-permanent membrane is directly proportionate to
-surface area available ( the bigger the better)
-Pressure gradient btw compartments (blood–alveoli)
-henry’s law ( the solubility of the gas)
atomic mass and thickness of the membrane
fluid dynamics
- laminar (smooth) - when flow is low
- turbulent ( all over the place) (occurs when velocity increases or tube radius is not constant, tube rough uneven surface )
- transitional (both laminar and turbulent ) carina
Poiseuille’s Law
2 factors can affect flow through a tube
- driving pressure
- resistance- (viscosity, length of tube and radius of tube)
poiseuille equation
∆P=Q x R
∆P is the pressure gradient from the beginning to the end of the tube
Q is the flow through the tube
R is the resistance to flow
bernoiulli principle
states that when flow increases pressure goes down, this is due because less force is applied to the walls of the tube. this creates the venturi effect ( pinched tube)
coanda effect
Describes the tendency of a fluid jet to be attracted to a nearby surface
- water sticks to the side of a jar
