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Biology- Ms Kad/Miss Patel > gas exchange in humans > Flashcards

gas exchange in humans Flashcards

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1
Q

where does the air enter as you breathe in

A

the trachea

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2
Q

what does the trachea split into

A

two bronchi

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3
Q

what does each bronchus split into

A

smaller tubes called bronchioles

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4
Q

what is at the end of each bronchiole

A

small air sacs called alveoli

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5
Q

what happens at the alveoli

A

gas exchange

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6
Q

what 3 structures work together to move air in/out

A

ribcage
intercoastal muscles
diaphragm

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7
Q

what is inspiration

A

breathing in

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8
Q

what happens during inspiration

A

external intercoastal muscles + diaphragm muscles contract
ribcage moves up + out
diaphragm flattens
volume in thoracic cavity increases
pressure decreases
air moves from area of higher to lower pressure
so air moves down trachea into lungs

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9
Q

what type of process is inspiration

A

active

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10
Q

what is expiration

A

breathing out

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11
Q

what happens during expiration

A

external interacoastal muscles + diaphragm muscles relax
ribcages moves down + in
diaphragm curved again
volume of thoracic cavity decreases
pressure increases
air forced down pressure gradient out of lungs

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12
Q

what type of process is expiration

A

passive

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13
Q

what happens during forced expiration

A

external intercoastal muscles relax
internal intercoastal muscles contract
pulling ribcage further down + in
antagonistic movement

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14
Q

what does a large number of alveoli provide

A

large surface area

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15
Q

what are alveoli surrounded by

A

a network of capillaries

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16
Q

how does oxygen move from alveoli to blood

A 
o2 diffuses out alveoli
across alveolar epithelium
into haemoglobin 
into blood 
down a diffusion gradient
17
Q

how does co2 leave the blood

A

co2 diffuses into alveoli from blood

is breathed out

18
Q

what features do alveoli have that speed up rate of diffusion

A

thin exchange surface - short diffusion pathway

large surface area - larger area for gas exchange
s
teep conc gradient between alveoli + capillaries

19
Q

what is the steep conc gradient maintained by

A

flow of blood

ventilation

Biology- Ms Kad/Miss Patel (13 decks)

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