Enzymes Flashcards
what is the role of enzymes
lowers the activation energy
how is activation energy lowered for joining molecules
substrate binds to enzyme
is closer
less repulsion
bonds easily
how is activation energy lowered for breaking bonds
substrate fits into active site
strain on bonds
substrate breaks easily
what is the lock and key theory
enzyme is complementary + specific to substrate
enzyme- substrate complex formed
rigid active site
what is the induced fit model
active site moulds around substrate
only specific substrate can make active site change shape to fit well
enzyme-substrate complex formed
what factors affect the 3D structure of the enzyme
pH
Temp
Mutation
what are the consequences of the 3D structure changing
active site changes
substrate doesn’t fit
no enzyme-substrate complex formed
enzyme can’t carry out function/denatured
what gives enzymes its specific shape
primary structure : order of amino acids
placement of hydrogen bonds
= affects 3D/tertiary structure
what is the consequence of increasing temperature on the enzyme
more kinetic energy
more collisions
more enzyme-substrate complexes formed
what’s the consequence of temperature above the optimum on enzymes
hydrogen bonds break
active site changes shape
substrate can’t fit
enzyme denatures
consequence of optimum pH on enzyme
maximum activity of the enzyme
consequence of pH above/below optimum
pH affects hydrogen + ionic bonds
changes shape of active site
enzyme denatures
consequence of increasing enzyme concentration
more active sites
more collisions
more E-S complexes formed
consequence of limited substrate on increasing enzyme conc
more active sites than substrate
no further effect
consequence of increasing substrate conc on rate of reaction
more collisions
more E-S complexes formed
