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Question 1

Genus Pseudomonas

Answer 1

-Opportunistic pathogens; nosocomial infections
-Naturally resistant to many antimicrobial agents
-Metabolically diverse (can break down
hydrocarbons )
-in soil and moist environments
-Can infect animals and plants

Question 1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 1

Gram negative rod; encapsulated
* P. aeruginosa is inhabitant of water and soil
- Can grow in biofilms in sinks, showers, drains, soap dispensers,
– Can infect almost any organ or system once in body
* Can colonize the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients (forms
biofilm)

Opportunistic infections (grows under the surface of burns)

Question 2

Pseudomonas Infection
Diagnosis,
treatment,
and
prevention

Answer 2

• Pyocyanin discoloration indicates massive infection

-Treatment is difficult because of natural multi-drug resistance

-, but infections typically
don’t occur in healthy individuals
– Exceptions:
» Ear infections (swimmer’s ear)
» Hot tub folliculitis

Question 3

Legionella

Answer 3

Found in streams, warm-water pipes, and cooling
towers
- Causes legionellosis (a serious type of pneumonia
(lung infection)
INHALATION

In the natural environment, Legionella lives within
amoebae or other protozoa
upon inhalation, the bacteria can infect alveolar
macrophages, where the bacteria can replicate

Question 4

Coxiella burnetii
(Order of Legionellae’s)

Answer 4

causes Q fever (cause flu-like
symptoms, or have life-threatening complications)
-zoonotic
-transmitted via aerosols or milk
-inhalation of a spore-like small-cell variant
-obligate intracellular pathogenic parasite

Question 5

Bacterial Gastroenteritis
: Cholera

Answer 5

Vibrio cholerae
– Occurs in salt- and freshwater
-virulence factor is production of
cholera toxin
-abrupt onset of watery diarrhea
– Dehydration (hypotension, seizures, possibly death)

Question 6

Vibrio vulnificus

Answer 6

causes necrotizing wound infections
that may occur in injured skin exposed to contaminated
marine water

Question 7

Enterobacteriales

Answer 7

-Inhabit the intestinal tract;
ferment carbohydrates
-Facultative anaerobes
-resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics

Question 8

Escherichia (E.COLI)
(Order Enterobacteriales)

Answer 8

indicator of fecal contamination; causes
foodborne disease and urinary tract infection

• easy to culture (grows in isolation)
• grows well in laboratory (robust)
• 20 minute generation time (in lab

Question 9

Salmonella
(Order Enterobacteriales)

Answer 9

2400 serovars
 Found in the intestines of reptiles (birds)
 Common form of foodborne illness
 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi causes typhoid
fever
 Typhoid disease spread by contaminated
food and water. Symptoms of typhoid include lasting
high fevers, weakness, stomach pains, headache, and
loss of appetite

Question 10

Shigella
(Order Enterobacteriales)

Answer 10

Causes bacillary dysentery ( diarrhea containing blood or mucus)

-Shiga toxin causes destruction of red blood cells and
kidney problems (Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

Question 11

K. pneumoniae
(Order Enterobacteriales)

Answer 11

causes pneumonia

Question 12

Serratia
(Order Enterobacteriales)

Answer 12

Produces red pigment
 Common cause of nosocomial infection (originating in a hospital.)

Question 13

Proteus
(Order Enterobacteriales)

Answer 13

Swarming motility; colonies form concentric rings

Question 14

Enterobacter
(Order Enterobacteriales)

Answer 14

E. cloacae and E. aerogenes cause urinary tract
infections and nosocomial infections

Question 15

Yersinia
(Order Enterobacteriales)

Answer 15

Y. pestis causes plague
Transmitted via fleas

Question 16

Y. pestis

Answer 16

Bubonic plague
– Characterized by enlarged lymph nodes called buboes
Pneumonic plague
– Occurs when the bacterium spreads to the lungs
– Difficulty breathing can develop rapidly