Chapter 15

Question 1

pathogenicity

Answer 1

: the ability to cause disease

Question 2

Portals of Entry

Answer 2

Mucous membranes
 Conjunctiva of the eye
 Respiratory tract
 Urogenital tract
 Skin
 Placenta
 Parenteral route (means elsewhere in body, so not by mouth and
not by alimentary canal)
 Punctures, cut, injections, or bites into skin

Question 3

Virulence

Answer 3

the extent of pathogenicity

Question 4

LD50
ID50

Answer 4

ID50 infectious dose for 50% of the test
population

LD50: lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test
population

Question 5

Be able to describe the differing ways that bacteria are able to evade host defenses,
and invade the host.

Answer 5

Capsules :Prevent phagocytosis
Streptococcus
pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

Bacillus anthracis

Question 5

Exotoxin

Answer 5

Produced inside of cell +++++ (Protein)
-products of growing cell

No Fever

ID HIGH
LD LOW

Tetanus
\
Neutralized by Antitoxin

Question 6

siderophores

Answer 6

used for cells growth

Question 7

Endotoxin

Answer 7

part of LPS WALL Gram-negative
-Released when cell dies

-yes fever

ID LOW
LD High

UTI

Question 8

Cytopathic effects of viruses

Answer 8

Immortal cells

changes in shape

loss of adherence

Question 9

Major ports of exits

Answer 9

Coughing and sneezing

Feces and saliva

Urine, semen, and vaginal secretions

Arthropods that bite; needles or syringes can puncture
 Transfusions