14 Flashcards
infection
: colonization of the body by pathogens
disease
: an abnormal state in which the body is
not functioning normally
etiology
: the study of the cause of a disease
pathology
the study of disease
Normal microbiota
what does it refer to?
permanently colonize the host
present since birth
Transient microbiota
may be present for days,
weeks, or months
due to diet or other things that affect microbiota
How do the Normal Microbiota benefit the
Host?
competitive exclusion
Occupying attachment sites
Competing for nutrients
Probiotics
: live microbes applied to or ingested
into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect
commensalism
one organism benefits, and the
other is unaffected
mutualism
both organisms benefit
parasitism
one organism benefits at the
expense of the other
Koch’s postulates
the same pathogen must be present in every
case of the disease.
The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased
host and grown in pure culture.
The pathogen from the pure culture must cause
the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy,
susceptible laboratory animal.
The pathogen must be isolated from the
inoculated animal and must be shown to be the
original organism.
symptoms
a change in body function that is felt by
a patient as a result of disease
pain
Koch’s postulates
why some dont apply?
Some pathogens can cause several disease conditions
Some pathogens cause disease only in humans
Some pathogens cannot grow in isolation
Some infections are asymptomatic
Sign
a change in a body that can be measured or
observed as a result of disease
WBC countte
Syndrome
a specific group of signs and
symptoms that accompany a disease
Communicable disease
a disease that is spread
from one host to another
Contagious disease
a disease that is easily
spread from one host to another
covid
Noncommunicable disease
a disease that is not
transmitted from one host to anotheR
tetanus, Alzheimer’s
acute
influenza
symptoms develop rapidly
chronic
disease develops slowly
tuberculosis,
subacute
symptoms between acute
and chronic
sclerosing panencephalitis
(degrades brain IQ function)
Latent disease
disease with a period of no
symptoms when the causative agent is inactive
incidence
fraction of a population that contracts a
disease during a specific time (initial infection)
