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Embryology > Gametes And Gametogenesis > Flashcards

Gametes And Gametogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What occur during prophase?

A

Chromosomes condense and DNA replication

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2
Q

What occurs during metaphase?

A

Chromosomes line up equator in a random order. Centrioles send spindles to attach to the chromatids.

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3
Q

What occurs during anaphase?

A

The chromatids are pulled apart

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4
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

The cells begins to split

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5
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

2 new daughter cells are formed with their own cell membranes

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6
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take?

A

64-74 days

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7
Q

How many cells are produced a day during spermatogenesis?

A

300 million

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8
Q

Which hormone influences spermatogenesis?

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

What are the functions of serotoli cells?

A

To nourish and protect germ cell development. They envelope the developing spermatocyte and forms the blood-testes barrier.

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10
Q

What process occurs to produce spermatogonia from primordial germ cells?

A

Mitosis

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11
Q

What process occurs to produce secondary spermatocytes from primary spermatocytes?

A

Meiosis I

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12
Q

What process occurs to produce Spermatids from secondary spermatocytes?

A

Meiosis II

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13
Q

WHat happens to the daughter cells of mitosis in spermatogenesis?

A

One cell enters the resting state and the other enters meiosis I to maintain stem cell population

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14
Q

What is the function of the blood-testes barrier?

A

To prettiest genetically distinct cells

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15
Q

Why is protection via the blood -testes barrier required?

A

As the spermatozoon produces products that contain foreign antigens

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16
Q

What occurs in the process of Spermatids to spermatozoa?

A
  1. Spermatids decrease nucleocytoplasmic ratio
  2. Golgi vesicles form the acrosome
  3. Chromate condenses and the nucleus forms a spearhead shape
  4. Mitochondria migrate to the mid piece
17
Q

Where is the spermatozoa stored?

A

In the epididymis

18
Q

Where is the epididymis located?

A

Between the testicle and vas deferens

19
Q

Where does maturation of the spermatozoa occur?

A

In the female reproductive tract

20
Q

What is the purpose of oogenesis?

A

To produce oocytes from oogonia

21
Q

How many oogonia are present at 4/5 months?

A

7 million

22
Q

How many oogonia are present at birth?

A

600,000 - 800,000

23
Q

How many oogonia are present in puberty?

A

Around 300,000

24
Q

What must happen for production of the primary oocyte?

A

The cell must enter meiosis I

25
Q

What do the squamous epithelial cells develop into?

A

Follicular cells

26
Q

What makes up the primordial follicle?

A

The oocyte and follicular cell

27
Q

What hormone will stimulate antral follicle production from the primary follicle?

A

FSH

28
Q

What do follicular cells develop into during during folliculogenesis?

A

Cuboidal and stratified granulosa cells

29
Q

When does the Zona pellucida develop?

A

During folliculogenesis

30
Q

What does the secretion of oestrogen during folliculogenesis stimulate?

A

Fluid secretion by the granulosa cells and so polarisation of the primary oocyte

31
Q

When does folliculogenesis occur?

A

At the beginning of the menstrual cycle

32
Q

What does LH surge lead to?

A

Resumption of meiosis I to form a secondary oocyte and the first polar body. Expulsion of the oocyte ( ovulation).

33
Q

When does meiosis II in the female gamete occur?

A

After fertilisation

34
Q

What is the purpose of the corpus luteum?

A

To produce progesterone and oestrogen which stimulates growth of the endometrium

35
Q

What upregulates oestrogen production?

A

Oestrogen production in the fecal cells

Embryology (11 decks)

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