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Joints, bones and skin > GALS + REMS > Flashcards

GALS + REMS Flashcards

1
Q

GALS general inspection

A

Body habitus
Scars
Muscle wasting
Psoriasis
Objects - aids, adaptations, prescriptions

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2
Q

GAIT

A

Gait cycling abnormalities
Range movement
Limping
Leg length
Turning
Trendelenburg
Waddling gait
Footwear

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3
Q

Anterior inspection GALS

A

Posture
Scars
Joint swell
Joint erythema
Muscle bulk
Elbow extension
Valgus joint deformity
Varus joint deformity
Pelvic tilt

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4
Q

Varus vs valgus

A

Varus = excessive inward angulation
Valgus = excessive outward angulation

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5
Q

Lateral inspection patient position

A

Ask patient turn 90 degrees

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6
Q

Lateral inspection

A

Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
Knee joint hyper extension
Foot arch

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7
Q

How much should knee be able to extend

A

Comfortably 10 degrees - beyond = joint laxity

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8
Q

Posterior inspection

A

Muscle bulk
Spinal alignment
Iliac crest alignment
Popliteal swellings
Thickened Achilles’ tendon
Valgus or Varus deformity

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9
Q

ARMS inspection

A

Hands behind head - interlock hands elbows out

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10
Q

What look for arms inspection hands behind head

A

Shoulder abduction
External rotation
Elbow flexion
Range of elbow and shoulder movement

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11
Q

What look for arms hands in front palms down

A

Forward flexion shoulders
Elbow and wrist extension
Extension small joints fingers
For sun hands
Nails
Psoriasis

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12
Q

2nd arm inspection position

A

Hold hands out in front
Palms facing down
Fingers outstretched

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13
Q

What look for palms up arms inspection

A

Supination movement
Thenar and hypothenar eminences

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14
Q

What condition is thenar and hypo wasting seen in?

A

Carpal tunnel

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15
Q

3rd step arms inspect

A

Flip hands over

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16
Q

4th step arms inspect

A

Make a fist

17
Q

What look for when make a fist

A

Wrist and elbow supination

18
Q

5th step arms

A

Grip strength - squeeze fingers as hard as you can’t

19
Q

What look for in grips strength

A

Should be bilaterally equal - compare
Swelling hand, Lower motor neurone

20
Q

Precision grip look for

A

Coordination small joints
Speed -Brady or tachy
Osteo, gout, RA, traumatic injury

21
Q

What is metacarpopharyngeal squeeze?

A

Feel over joints of hand

22
Q

What look for in MCP squeeze

A

Verbal discomfort
Non verbal
Acute inflammatory arthropathy
Boxers fracture - punch wall
Colour and warmth

23
Q

Legs steps exam

A

Lying down
Passive knee flexion
Passive knee extension - hold leg gently above knee

24
Q

What look for on knee flex

A

Hyperextension start
Click, grind, pop
Pain
Discomfort
Locked joint
Decreased ROM
OA, meniscus pathology

25
Q

What is normal knee range of flexion movement

A

0-140 degrees
Always compare

26
Q

Scars knee

A

Either side - arthroscopy
Straight line - knee replacement

27
Q

Why is lock joint a red flag

A

Need imaging asap
Meniscus pathology

28
Q

Tibia moving away from fibula

A

ACL/ligament injury

29
Q

What look for passivelnee extension

A

Signs discomfort
Beyond 10 degrees
Ligament laxity, ruptured ligaments

30
Q

What look for passive internal hip rotation

A

Signs discomfort
10 degrees discomfort
OA of hip

31
Q

What hip fracture would you never move

A

Neck of femur fracture

32
Q

What condition can a metatarsalphalangeal joint squeeze show

A

Inflammatory arthropathy eg RA
Compare symmetry

33
Q

Spine exam steps

A

Cervical spine flexion - ear to shoulder

34
Q

What look for on cervical spine flexion

A

Discomfort/pain
Decreased ROM

35
Q

Lumbar flexion what look for

A

Fingers move apart from adjacent spinal processes

36
Q

TMJ JOINT INSPECT

A

Decreased ROM, pain
Cracking, locking
High impact trauma
Normal to be able to fit three fingers vertically into mouth

37
Q

When to use REMS

A

After GALS - found problem, inspect region in more detail

38
Q

Basis of joint exam

A

Look, feel, move
Feel at same time to compare

39
Q

Joint specific movements and what test for

A

Anterior drawer test - ACL
empty can test - supraspinatus - motion like emptying can
Simmonds test - Achilles’ tendon - feel calf

Joints, bones and skin (31 decks)

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