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Joints, bones and skin > Fractures > Flashcards

Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

A-E assessment of fractures

A
  1. Massive haemorrhage
  2. AW + C spine
  3. Breathing
  4. Disability - GCS, neurology, abdo exam
  5. Exposure - hypothermia treat
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2
Q

Types of fracture

A
  • Open/closed
  • Transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted
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3
Q

Displacement of fractures

A
  • Translation
  • Angulation
  • Rotation
  • Shortening
  • Distraction
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4
Q

What is v important in a fracture assessmen?

A

Neurovasculature assessment

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5
Q

What to ask in a fracture history?

A
  • Mechanism of injury
  • Ass injuries
  • Pateint demographics
  • PMH
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6
Q

What is a greenstick fracture?

A

Where outer layer - cortex - breaks, reaches middle of bone but doesnt stretch across

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7
Q

Pain ladder fractures

A
  • Paracetemol
  • NSAIDs
  • Codeine
  • Tramadol
  • Morphine
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8
Q

What bloods do you do to prep for theatre?

A
  • Paracetemol
  • NSAIDs
  • Codeine
  • Tramadol
  • Morphine
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9
Q

How to manage a closed fracture

A
  • Asess NV status
  • Assess soft tissue s
  • Splint
  • Back slab
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10
Q

How to manage an open fracture

A
  • Assess NV status + soft tissues
  • Photograph open
  • Dess open
  • Back slab
  • Tetanus booster
  • IV antibiotics
  • Emergnecy
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11
Q

What criteria is used to classify fractures in children?

A

SALTER HARRIS

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12
Q

What does Salter Harris criteria measure?

A

Normal to type V
Association with growth plate
Type I - Straight across
II - Above
III - Lower or Below
IV - Two or Through
V - Erasure of growth plate
Crush

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13
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Muscle swelling causing compression of nerves and vessels
Restricted blood flow to area

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14
Q

Approach to large joint X ray

A

Check patient demographic details (Name, DOB and hospital number)
Check type of joint image done (comment on projection of the image)
Check whether entire region has been covered
Is the XR adequate? - over or under exposed
Bone density (normal/ increased or decreased/ lucency)
Look at joint spacing - narrowed, widened, effusion or not

Cortical margins - breech or disruption of cortex 

Soft tissues - swelling/laceration/presence of gas/debridement/muscle atrophy 

Bone surface and contours - irregular/smooth/osteochondral defect/osteophytes/erosive 

Alignment - subluxed/dislocated 

Artefact - foreign body/loose bony fragment/replacement/resurfacing/metalwork
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15
Q

What is a Weber fracture?

A

Ankle. Type A, B or C

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16
Q

Why are intrcapsular neck of femur fractures especially concering?

A

One way blood supply -> avascular necrosis

17
Q

Blood supply intercapsuarly to femur

A

Circumflex artery - ligamentum teres

17
Q

Blood supply intercapsuarly to femur

A

Circumflex artery - ligamentum teres

18
Q

What types omf NOFs are there + draw them

A

Extracapsular
-Intertrochanteric
-Subtrochanteric - under lesser trochanter
Intracapsular or transcerviacl - between femoral head and greater trochanter

19
Q

Why do hips often fracture in two places? What other structures have this?

A

Ring strcuture - like a polo
Sacroiliac
Forearm - radius and ulna

20
Q

Blood on the floor - what are the four more?

A

Long bones
pelvis
Abdomen
Chest
Head

21
Q

What is bennetts fracture?

A

Thumb MCP base intra articular fracture with discplacement
Pain, swell, decreased ROM, instable
Repeat readiography in two weeks

22
Q

Boxers fracture what is?

A

5th MCP

23
Q

What causes boxers fracture?

A

Direct dorsal blow to hand

24
Q

Treatment boxers fracture

A

Conservative - immobilise, buddy strap, reduction, physio
Surgeyr - pin or ORIF

25
Q

When do surgery for fracture

A

Displaced, deformity, communition

26
Q

Symtpoms of scaphoid fracture

A

Wrist pain with restricted ROM
Tenderness on gripping and wrist extension
Tenderness around anatomical snuffbox

27
Q

Danger about scaphoid fracture

A

One way blood supply - if impaired causes necrosis

28
Q

What is Smiths?

A

Gay fracture - fall on inward bend wrist

29
Q

What is colles fracture?

A

Low energy FOOSH

30
Q

All the Ds of colles fracture?

A

Dinner fork deformity
Dorsum
ROM
Anaesthetic block

31
Q

Who often gets Colles fracture?

A

Elderly, osteoporotic, postmenopausal

32
Q

How to assess NV status

A

Rock, paper, scissors
Pulses, power and sensation

33
Q

Where are monteggias/galezzis fractures?

A

Ring structure/galezzis

34
Q

What is a teribe triad injury elbow?

A

Elbow dislocation
Coronoid fracture
Radial head fracture

35
Q

Terrible triad injury knee?

A

ACL
MCL
Meniscus

Joints, bones and skin (31 decks)

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