Gallbladder in Health and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Choledocholelithiasis vs cholelithiasis:

A

Choledocholelithiasis: cholesterol gallstones
Cholelithiasis: pigment gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are pigment gallstone made of?

A

Bilirubin and calcium salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are cholesterol gallstones made up of?

A

Cholesterol monohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What hormone can affect cholesterol gallstone formation?

A

Estrogen because it promotes HMG-CoA that causes increased cholesterol uptake and formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 4 factors that cause increased cholesterol stone formation?

A
  1. ) Over saturation of bile with cholesterol
  2. ) Gallbladder hypermotility
  3. ) Accelerated cholesterol crystal nucleation
  4. ) Gallbladder hypersecretion of mucus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What color and shape are cholesterol stones?

A

Pale to yellow the more pure are more round and less pure are multi-faceted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What color and shape are pigment stones?

A

Pure are black and spiculed

Brown and round smooth/greasy because an infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are small or large more dangerous and why?

A

Small because they can reach the duct and then become lodged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between acute calculous and acute acalculous cholecystitis?

A

Calculous: stones
Acalculous: no stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What typically causes acalculous cholecystitis?

A

Overlying severe illness or salmonella typhi; ischemia is often thought to cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes calculous?

A

Chemical irritation and inflammation from obstruction of gall stones (not infections)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What typically causes pigment gallstones?

A

Parasites or bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In calculous cholecystitis where is the stone typically blocking?

A

Neck of the gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Morphology of the gallbladder in acute cholecystitis?

A

Fibrinous serosal lining, blotchy and swollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is gallbladder empyema in calculous cholecystitis?

A

When the gallbladder is full of pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does gangrenous cholecystitis look like?

A

Green black organ

17
Q

What causes acute emphysematous cholecystitis?

A

Invasion of gas forming organisms notably clostridia and coliformis

18
Q

Risk factor most closely specifically associated with the formation of pigment gallstones?

A

Chronic hemolytic anemia