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GI Exam 2 > Amino Acid Synthesis and Degradation > Flashcards

Amino Acid Synthesis and Degradation Flashcards

1
Q

Where do we get nitrogen from?

A

Proteins

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2
Q

What is meant by nitrogen balance?

A

Nitrogen in - Nitrogen out

We do not have excess nitrogen

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3
Q

What is normal nitrogen balance?

A

Zero

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4
Q

How does our body get rid of nitrogen?

A

Urea in urine

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5
Q

What transports di- and tripeptides from the intestines?

A 
PEPT1 transporter (cotransporter with H)
NHE (Na in H out for PEPT1)
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6
Q

What occurs to AA in the fasting state?

A

They are moved from muscle to the liver and kidney via glutamine alanine cycle

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7
Q

What pair of AA are often used in transamination reactions?

A

Glutamate and alpha ketoglutarate (glutamate deaminated to alpha keto)

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8
Q

PLP is needed in what reaction?

A

Transamination

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9
Q

What does PLP come from?

A

Vitamin B6

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10
Q

Mnemonic for non-essential AA?

A 
These (tryptophan)
Ten (threonine)
Valuable
Amino-acids
Have 
Long
Preserved (phenylalanine)
Life 
In
Man
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11
Q

What is the only AA that does not participate in transamination reactions?

A

Lysine

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12
Q

Which amino acids are derived from glycolysis intermediates?

A 
Cysteine
Glycine
Serine
Threonine
Tryptophan
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13
Q

Which amino acids come from alpha-ketoglutarate?

A 
Histidine
Arginine
Proline
Glutamate
Glutamine
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14
Q

How can ammonium be added to make molecules other than transamination?

A

Synthetase uses ATP to add NH3+

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15
Q

What does GDH (glutamate dehydrogenase) do?

A

Takes NH3+ from glutamate converting it to alpha-ketoglutarate

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16
Q

What AA are derived from fumarate?

A

Aspartate
Tyrosine
Phenylalanine

17
Q

Which AA are propiogenic?

A

Valine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Threonine

18
Q

What does propiogenic mean?

A

Can be catabolized to produce energy

19
Q

What do propiogenic AA enter TCA as?

A

Succinyl CoA

20
Q

What AA enter TCA as oxaloacetate?

A

Aspartate

Asparagine

21
Q

What AA is made from pyruvate to enter the blood as a shuttle?

A

Alanine

22
Q

What is propionic acidemia?

A

Defective propionyl CoA carboxylase

23
Q

What is propionyl CoA carboxylase needed for?

A

Conversion of propionyl CoA to methylmalonyl CoA to enter TCA (the way propiogenic AA enter)

24
Q

What can cause Kwashiorkor?

A

Not enough liver production of albumin due to lack of dietary protein causing decreased osmotic pressure

25
Q

What is marasmus?

A

Muscle wasting; muscle are broken down for proteins needed

GI Exam 2 (20 decks)

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