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Clin Med GI > Gallbladder and pancreas DO > Flashcards

Gallbladder and pancreas DO Flashcards

1
Q

What causes the gallbladder to contract?

A

Cholecystokinin

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2
Q

What is bile made up of?

A

Bile salts from cholesterol, bilirubin, alkaline fluids

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3
Q

What makes up most gallstones?

A

Cholesterol

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4
Q

What are the 5 F’s of cholelithiasis?

A

Female, fat, forty, fair, and fertile

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5
Q

What is biliary colic?

A

Aching pain in the RUQ/epigastric areas

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6
Q

Where will pain refer to with cholelithiasis?

A

Back, scapula, or R shoulder areas

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7
Q

What is the diagnostic of choice for cholelithiasis?

A

Ultrasound

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8
Q

Murphy’s sign is diagnostic for which disorder?

A

Acute cholecystitis

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9
Q

Best diagnostic for patients with cholecystitis?

A

Ultrasound may show gallstones, GB wall thickening, and sonographic Murphy’s sign

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10
Q

What is diagnostic and a treatment for choledolithiasis?

A

ERCP - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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11
Q

What is charcot’s triad? What disease is it diagnostic for?

A

Abd pain, jaundice, fever, - acute cholangitis

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12
Q

What do acinar cells in the pancreas secrete?

A

Proteolytic enzymes (trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase), amylase, lipase

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13
Q

What do the ductal epithelial cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

Alkaline solution - water, electrolytes, sodium bicarb

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14
Q

Most common causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

Gallstones (#1), alcohol (#2)

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15
Q

Periumbilical ecchymosis

A

Cullen’s sign

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16
Q

Flank ecchymosis

A

Grey-Turner’s sign

17
Q

What lab is best to order for pancreatitis?

A

Lipase!

18
Q

Best imaging for pancreatitis?

A

CT scan (or MRI)

19
Q

1 cause of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol

20
Q

Difference between chronic and acute pancreatitis?

A

With chronic, amylase and lipase will be NORMAL

21
Q

What is the 4th leading cause of cancer deaths?

A

Pancreatic cancer

22
Q

Tumor marker for pancreatic cancer?

A

CA19-9

23
Q

How do you diagnose pancreatic cancer?

A

CT, ERCP head of pancreas

24
Q

What lab values will be elevated in pancreatic cancer?

A

Direct T-bilirubin, alk phosphate

Clin Med GI (9 decks)

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