Galen Flashcards
Οἷόν τι πεπόνθασιν οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀθλητῶν, ἐπιθυμοῦντες
μὲν ὀλυμπιονῖκαι γενέσθαι, μηδὲν δὲ πράττειν, ὡς τούτου
τυχεῖν, ἐπιτηδεύοντες, τοιοῦτόν τι καὶ τοῖς πολλοῖς τῶν
ἰατρῶν συμβέβηκεν. ἐπαινοῦσι μὲν γὰρ Ἱπποκράτην, καὶ
πρῶτον ἁπάντων ἡγοῦνται, γενέσθαι δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐν ὁμοίοις
ἐκείνῳ, πάντα μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦτο πράττουσι. ὁ μὲν γὰρ οὐ
μικρὰν μοῖραν εἰς ἰατρικήν φησι συμβάλλεσθαι τὴν ἀστρονομίαν,
καὶ δηλονότι τὴν ταύτης ἡγουμένην ἐξ ἀνάγκης
γεωμετρίαν. οἱ δ’ οὐ μόνον αὐτοὶ μετέρχονται τούτων οὐδέτερον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς μετιοῦσι μέμφονται. καὶ μὲν δὴ καὶ
φύσιν σώματος, ὁ μὲν ἀκριβῶς ἀξιοῖ γιγνώσκειν, ἀρχὴν εἶναι
φάσκων αὐτὴν τοῦ κατ’ ἰατρικὴν λόγου παντός. οἱ δ’ οὕτω καὶ περὶ τούτων σπουδάζουσι, ὡς οὐ μόνον ἑκάστου
τῶν μορίων οὐσίαν ἢ πλοκὴν, ἢ διάπλασιν, ἢ μέγεθος, ἢ τὴν πρὸς τὰ παρακείμενα κοινωνίαν, ἀλλ’ οὐδὲ τὴν θέσιν
ἐπίστανται.
Many athletes experience this kind of thing, while they desire to become Olympic athletes, they practise not at all in order to achieve this. Something such as this happens to many doctors. For while they praise Hippocrates, and think him to be the first of everyone, for them to become like him, they rather do anything than that. For Hipp. says that astronomy does not contribute a little part towards medicine, and clearly the one proceeding this from necessity geometry. But these men not only come among neither of these but also they blame those who do. Moreover, he considers it important to accurately know the nature of the body, saying that this is the beginning of all medical knowledge. But they are so eager about these things that not only do they know the essence of each of the parts and construction, or the formation or size, or the association to nearby parts, but also they do not know the position.
οὐ μόνον….ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ not only do they know this but they don’t know that.
καὶ μέν γε ὡς ἐκ τοῦ μὴ γιγνώσκειν κατ’ εἴδη
τε καὶ γένη διαιρεῖσθαι τὰ νοσήματα, συμβαίνει τοῖς ἰατροῖς
ἁμαρτάνειν τῶν θεραπευτικῶν σκοπῶν, Ἱπποκράτει μὲν εἴρηται
προτρέποντι τὴν λογικὴν ἡμᾶς ἐξασκεῖν θεωρίαν. οἱ δὲ
νῦν ἰατροὶ τοσοῦτον ἀποδέουσιν ἠσκῆσθαι κατ’ αὐτὴν, ὥστε καὶ
τοῖς ἀσκοῦσιν, ὡς ἄχρηστα μεταχειριζομένοις, ἐγκαλοῦσι. οὕτω
δὲ καὶ τοῦ προγιγνώσκειν τε τὰ προγεγονότα, καὶ τὰ παρόντα
καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα γενήσεσθαι τῷ κάμνοντι νοσήματα,
πολλὴν χρῆναι πεποιῆσθαι πρόνοιαν, Ἱπποκράτης φησίν. οἱ
δὲ καὶ περὶ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος τῆς τέχνης ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἐσπουδάκασιν,
ὥστ’, εἴ τις αἱμοῤῥαγίαν ἢ ἱδρῶτα προείπῃ,
γόητά τε καὶ παραδοξολόγον ἀποκαλοῦσιν. σχολῇ γ’ ἂν οὗτοι
τἄλλα προλέγοντός τινος ἀνάσχοιντο·
σχολῇ δ’ ἄν ποτε
τῆς διαίτης τὸ σχῆμα πρὸς τὴν μέλλουσαν ἔσεσθαι τοῦ νοσήματος
ἀκμὴν καταστήσαιντο· καὶ μὴν Ἱπποκράτης οὕτως
γε διαιτᾷν κελεύει. τί δὴ οὖν ἐστὶ τὸ ὑπόλοιπον εἰς ὃ ζηλοῦσι
τἀνδρός; οὐ γὰρ δὴ τήν γε τῆς ἑρμηνείας δεινότητα, τῷ μέν
γε καὶ τοῦτο κατώρθωται. τοῖς δ’ οὕτω τοὐναντίον, ὥστε πολλοὺς αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἰδεῖν καθ’ ἓν ὄνομα δὶς ἁμαρτάνοντας,
ὃ μηδ’ ἐπινοῆσαι ῥᾴδιον.
Furthermore, it happens to doctors that they miss in their therapeutic aims from not knowing how to distinguish the disease from species and genus, as it is said by Hippocrates, when he urges us to train the logical parts of theory, from not knowing these things. The present day doctors fall so far in practising according to this that as a result they accuse those who do practise since they (allegedly) manage useless things.
in this way Hippocrates says that it is nec for much foresight to have been made for making a prognosis about the illnesses that occurred before, are present and are to come to the ill man. But they have endeavoured in such a way about this part of the skill/craft, that, if someone predicts a haemorrhage or sweats, they disparage him as a wizard and teller of marvels. Scarcely, would these men endure someone predicting these things. Scarcely, would they ever set up a form of living life (diet) against the upcoming peak of the disease,
although Hipp orders his way of life in this way.
what then remains towards which they emulate this man? It it not skill of imitation, this also was accomplished by him.
it is so the opposite to them, so that it is possible to see many of them making two mistakes in one word, which is not easy to imagine.
ἀνάσχοιντο 3rd pl aor opt ἀνέχω (takes gen for endure/suffer)
Διόπερ ἔδοξέ μοι ζητῆσαι τὴν αἰτίαν ἥτις ποτ’ ἐστί, δι’ ἣν καίτοι θαυμάζοντες ἅπαντες τὸν ἄνδρα μήτ’
ἀναγιγνώσκουσιν αὐτοῦ τὰ συγγράμματα μήτ’, εἰ καί τῳ τοῦτο παρασταίη, συνίησι τῶν λεγομένων ἤ, εἰ καὶ τοῦτ’ εὐτυχήσειεν, ἀσκήσει τὴν θεωρίαν ἐπεξέρχεται βεβαιώσασθαί τε καὶ εἰς ἕξιν ἀγαγεῖν βουλόμενος.
εὑρίσκω δὴ καὶ σύμπαντα κατορθούμενα βουλήσει τε καὶ δυνάμει τοῖς ἀνθρώποις παραγιγνόμενα· θατέρου δ’ αὐτῶν ἀτυχήσαντι τὸ καὶ τοῦ τέλους ἀναγκαῖον ἀποτυχεῖν. αὐτίκα γέ τοι τοὺς ἀθλητὰς ἢ διὰ τὴν τοῦ σώματος ἀφυίαν ἢ διὰ
τὴν τῆς ἀσκήσεως ἀμέλειαν ὁρῶμεν ἀποτυγχάνοντας τοῦ τέλους· ὅτῳ δ’ ἂν καὶ ἡ τοῦ σώματος φύσις ἀξιόνικος ᾖ
καὶ τὰ τῆς ἀσκήσεως ἄμεμπτα, τίς μηχανὴ μὴ οὐ πολλοὺς ἀνελέσθαι τόνδε στεφανίτας ἀγῶνας; ἆρ’ οὖν ἐν ἀμφοτέροις οἱ νῦν ἰατροὶ δυστυχοῦσιν οὔτε δύναμιν οὔτε βούλησιν ἀξιόλογον ἐπιφερόμενοι περὶ τὴν τῆς τέχνης ἄσκησιν ἢ τὸ μὲν ἕτερον αὐτοῖς ὑπάρχει, θατέρου δ’ ἀπολείπονται;
τὸ μὲν δὴ μηδένα φύεσθαι δύναμιν ἔχοντα ψυχικὴν ἱκανὴν καταδέξασθαι τέχνην οὕτω φιλάνθρωπον οὔ μοι δοκεῖ λόγον ἔχειν ὁμοίου γε δὴ τοῦ κόσμου καὶ τότ’ ὄντος καὶ νῦν καὶ μήτε τῶν ὡρῶν τῆς τάξεως ὑπηλλαγμένης μήτε τῆς ἡλιακῆς περιόδου μετακεκοσμημένης μήτ’ ἄλλου τινὸς ἀστέρος ἢ ἀπλανοῦς ἢ πλανωμένου μεταβολήν τιν’ ἐσχηκότος· εὔλογον δὲ διὰ μοχθηρὰν τροφήν, ἣν οἱ νῦν ἄνθρωποι τρέφονται, καὶ διὰ τὸ πλοῦτον ἀρετῆς εἶναι τιμιώτερον οὔθ’ οἷος Φειδίας ἐν πλάσταις οὔθ’ οἷος Ἀπελλῆς ἐν γραφεῦσιν οὔθ’ οἷος Ἱπποκράτης ἐν ἰατροῖς ἔτι γίγνεσθαί τινα.
Therefore I decided to seek the cause, whatever it is, on account of which even though all of them admire the man they have not read his writings, and even if this did occur to someone, he would not understand the things said or, if he succeeds at this, he would not throughly practise theory through ‘doing things’, wanting to confirm it a habit.
I find all things to be successful to men when accompanied by will and ability, but to whoever lacks either of these it is nec he falls short of his aim.
At once, let me tell you, we see the athletes
either on account of the lack of power of the body or on acc of the neglect of training, fall short of their aim/goal, but to whomever the nature of the body is worthy of mention and the matters of training are blameless, what device would prevent this one from winning the crown of the contest?
Are the now doctors unlucky in both, bringing along something worthy of mention in neither ability nor wish about the practise of skill or is one present to them and the leaving behind the other?
I does not seem reasonable that anyone is born having sufficient spiritual ability to invent and teach an art so humane since the universe is the same then as it is now and the arranging of the seasons has not changed nor has the orbit of the sun been rearranged nor any other star either fixed or wandering having had some change. But it is reasonable that on account of a wretched upbringing on which the men of today were raised, and on account of wealth being valued more than goodness, that someone is born neither like Pheidias among sculptors or Apelles among painters or Hippocrates among doctors.
τῳ τοῦτο παρασταίη - παρίστημι c dat. τῳ = τινι
γέ τοι let me tell you
ᾖ 3rd sg subj pres
καίτοι τό γ’ ὑστέροις τῶν παλαιῶν ἡμῖν γεγονέναι καὶ τὰς τέχνας ὑπ’ ἐκείνων ἐπὶ πλεῖστον προηγμένας παραλαμβάνειν οὐ
σμικρὸν ἦν πλεονέκτημα. τὰ γοῦν ὑφ’ Ἱπποκράτους εὑρημένα χρόνῳ παμπόλλῳ ῥᾷστον ἦν ἐν ὀλιγίστοις ἔτεσιν ἐκμαθόντα τῷ λοιπῷ χρόνῳ τοῦ βίου πρὸς τὴν τῶν λειπόντων εὕρεσιν καταχρήσασθαι. ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐνδέχεται πλοῦτον ἀρετῆς τιμιώτερον ὑποθέμενον καὶ τὴν τέχνην, οὐκ εὐεργεσίας ἀνθρώπων ἕνεκεν ἀλλὰ χρηματισμοῦ, μαθόντα τοῦ τέλους τοῦ κατ’ αὐτὴν ἐφίεσθαι· οὐ γὰρ δὴ δυνατὸν ἅμα χρηματίζεσθαί τε καὶ
οὕτω μεγάλην ἐπασκεῖν τέχνην ἀλλ’ ἀνάγκη καταφρονῆσαι
θατέρου τὸν ἐπὶ θάτερον ὁρμήσαντα σφοδρότερον. ἆρ’ οὖν ἔχομέν τινα τῶν νῦν ἀνθρώπων εἰπεῖν εἰς τοσοῦτον μόνον
ἐφιέμενον χρημάτων κτήσεως, εἰς ὅσον ὑπηρετεῖν ἐξ αὐτῆς ταῖς ἀναγκαίαις χρείαις τοῦ σώματος; ἔστι τις ὁ δυνάμενος οὐ μόνον λόγῳ πλάσασθαι ἀλλ’ ἔργῳ διδάξασθαι τοῦ κατὰ φύσιν πλούτου τὸν ὅρον ἄχρι τοῦ μὴ πεινῆν, μὴ διψῆν μὴ ῥιγοῦν προιόντα;
[ furthermore, to us having been born later than the ancients and the arts advanced by them ]
at any rate the things found by Hipp over a long time, are easy to learn in a few years in the remaining time of his life and to fully use towards the findings left over.
