Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Aging Adults > Gait in Aging Adults > Flashcards

Gait in Aging Adults Flashcards

1
Q

What physiological system changes can effect the gait of an aging adult?

What other physiological (non-systemic) factors can contribute?

A
  • MSK Changes
  • Higher level neural processes
  • Sensory and perceptual changes
  • Individual sensory systems

Non-systemic

  • Specific and individual pathologies
  • Adaptive and anticipatory mechanisms
  • Intricately related to balance responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What psychological factors could contribute to the gait of aging adults?

A 
depression
self-efficacy/confidence
appearance
older adult's perception of his/her mobility
anxiety or fear
perceived risk of community mobility
access to barriers in community
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does speed differ in a normal aging gait compared to a pathological gait?

A

normally an aging adult can keep their ability to vary their gait under their own volition

In pathological gait a person loses their ability to speed up or slow down their gait speed on demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does step/stride length differ in a normal aging gait compared to a pathological gait?

A

normally an aging adult’s step and stride length becomes smaller but symmetrical

in pathological gait there is a significant shortening of step and stride length but the steps are non-symmetrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does step width differ in a normal aging gait compared to a pathological gait?

A

Normally the width averages 1-4 inches

In pathological gait width is either greater than 4 in or smaller than 1 in or there is a great amount of variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does toe clearance differ in a normal aging gait compared to a pathological gait?

A

there is little toe clearance normally

in pathological gait the toe clearance is either very large or they are tripping over their toe due to no clearance, sometimes both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does single limb support differ in a normal aging gait compared to a pathological gait?

A

Normally there is equal stance time in both legs in an aging adult

Pathological single limb support would be unequal stance time (antalgic pattern) or short, shuffled steps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do the ankle/foot joint mechanics differ in a normal aging gait compared to a pathological gait?

A

Normally there is a slight decrease in force at push off and/or slight decrease in plantarflexion and dorsiflexion ROM

Pathological mechanics would be too large/too small toe clearance (or both) as well as forefoot or flatfoor contact during initial contact (excess PF or DF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do the knee joint mechanics differ in a normal aging gait compared to a pathological gait?

A

Normal knee mechanics are 5 deg. of flexion during weight bearing to 60 deg of flex. during swing limb advancement

Pathologic: limited or excessive flexion, wobbling, extension thrust (weight bearing will increase valgus/varrus moments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do the hip joint mechanics differ in a normal aging gait compared to a pathological gait?

A

Normal: 15-20 deg flexion during weight acceptance and 15-20 deg of apparent hyperext. at terminal stance

Pathologic: limited flex or ext (past retract), meaning visible forward then backward movement of thigh during terminal swing, excessive abduction or adduction, excessive ER or IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do the pelvis joint mechanics differ in a normal aging gait compared to a pathological gait?

A

Normal: 5 deg fwd rotation during weight acceptance and 5 deg of bwd rotation at terminal stance/pre-swing (iliac crest on reference limb is greater than or equal to iliac crest on opposite side during mid-stance)

Pathologic: limited or excess rotation fwd or bwd (pelvic drop or hiking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What gait speed correlates to the “function” zone of the aging adult? “Frail” zone? “Failure” zone?

A

Function- .9-1.4 m/sec

Frail- .3-.8 m/sec

Failure- under .3 m/sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 6 minute walk distance correlates to the “function” zone of the aging adult? “Frail” zone? “Failure” zone?

A

Function- 300-500 m

Frail- 200-299 m

Failure- under 200 m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 30 second chair rise rep count correlates to the “function” zone of the aging adult? “Frail” zone? “Failure” zone?

A

Function- 8-14 steps

Frail- under 8 steps

Failure- unable to perform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What time to climb ten stairs correlates to the “function” zone of the aging adult? “Frail” zone? “Failure” zone?

A

Function- 9-30 sec. with or without rails

Frail- 31-50 sec. w/ rails

Failure- unable to perform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What floor to stand time correlates to the “function” zone of the aging adult? “Frail” zone? “Failure” zone?

A

function- 11-30 seconds with or without help

Frail- over 30 seconds with help

Failure- unable to perform

17
Q

What is the calculated critical speed for crossing a street?

A

1.14 m/s

18
Q

What functional tests can help asses gait speed?

A

TUG and Gait speed test

19
Q

What functional tests can help asses gait endurance?

A

6-minute and 2-minute walk tests

20
Q

What functional tests can help asses gait balance?

A

Tinetti
Berg Balance
4 square Step Test

21
Q

What functional tests can help asses gait dual tasking?

A

TUGcognitive and TUGmanual

22
Q

True or Fasle: Gait speed can be seen as a vital sign

A

True

23
Q

What is the objective use of a cane?

What are the consideration for prescribing a cane to a patient?

A

Objective: enhances stability through weight redistribution and compensates for losses in vision and proprioception

Consideration:

  • appropriate for pts who need balance and stability assist w/ minimal WB shift (up to 25%)
  • coordination needed to use effectively (may not be appropriate for older pt w/ cognitive or coordination impairments)
24
Q

What is the objective use of crutches?

What are the consideration for prescribing crutches to a patient?

A

Objective: permits significant WB shift from legs to arms

Considerations

  • permits more WB shift (50% or more) than a cane
  • less stable than a walker
  • requires good balance
  • can lead to brachial plexus injuries if misused
  • loftstrand crutches permit hand use and reaching
25
Q

What is the objective use of a walker?

What are the consideration for prescribing a walker to a patient?

A

Objective: offers great stability and significant WB shift from legs to arms

Considerations:

  • provides more WB shift (50% or more) than a cane but with more stability than crutches
  • difficult on stairs
  • great stability but hard to manuever
  • rearwheel is less stable but easier to propel for pts. with poor upper body strength
  • allows large BOS for patients w/ one functional arm
  • platform walkers are heavy and require a lot of energy but permit weight bearing thru the humerus
26
Q

What do multi-factorial impairment-based interventions focus on? How to they do this?

A

Focus on:

  • reducing deviation
  • improving gait efficiency, safety, and endurance

By incorporating:

  • specificity of training
  • task-orientated training
  • dual-tasking
  • task and environmental constraints
  • rehab of ALL the components
27
Q

What do flexibility training interventions try to achieve?

A

they try to change what you can and adapt/compensate for what you can’t and address obvious structural limitations caused by pathology or surgical procedures

28
Q

What do strength/power/agility training interventions try to achieve?

A
  • achieve mobility with stability prior to emphasizing increased velocity
  • target PF, DF, quads, abductors, and extensors; UE strength in lats and triceps when patient is using an AD
  • pre-gait activities can be done to focus on strength and control
29
Q

What is the definition of dual task training?

A

The concurrent performance of two tasks that can be performed independently and have distinct and separate goals

30
Q

What motor factors can be changed to increase dual-tasking in gait?

What cognitive factors can be changed?

A

Motor: multi-directional, balancing, external cueing, and carrying/picking up/reaching for an object

Cognitive: listening to music or radio, verbal fluency, answering autobiographical questions, subtracting by 3s, visual-spatial task of pattern matching

Aging Adults (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions