Gait Devs

Question 1

Ataxic

Answer 1

Staggering + Unsteadiness
Wide base of support
Exaggerated movements

Question 2

Antalgic

Answer 2

Protective gait pattern
Decreased stance time to avoid weight bearing on involved sign
Rapid/shorter swing phase of uninvolved limb

Question 3

Cerebellar

Answer 3

Staggering gait seen in cerebellar disease

Question 4

Circumduction

Answer 4

Circular motion to advance leg during swing phase
Compensation for lack of hip/knee flexion or dorsiflexion

Question 5

Double Step

Answer 5

Alternate steps are different length or rate

Question 6

Equine

Answer 6

High steps
Excessive gastroc activity (crossed legged palsy)

Question 7

Festinating

Answer 7

Walks on toes as though pushed
Starts slow, increases, and may continue until patient grasps an object in order to stop
(Parkinsons)

Question 8

Hemiplegic

Answer 8

Abducts paralyzed limb to swing around, brings it forward so foot comes to ground in front of them (Stroke)

Question 9

Parkinsonian

Answer 9

Increased forward flexion of trunk and knees, shuffling gait, quick and small steps (Parkinsons)

Question 10

Scissor

Answer 10

Legs cross midline upon advancement, tight adductors

Question 11

Spastic

Answer 11

Stiff movement, toes catch and drag, hip and knee joints slightly flexed

Question 12

Steppage

Answer 12

Feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights (hip hiking), dorsiflexor weakness, foot slap at initial contact

Question 13

Tabetic

Answer 13

High stepping ataxic gait pattern, feet slap the ground

Question 14

Trendelenburg

Answer 14

Excessive lateral trunk flexion and weight shifting over stance leg to decrease load of ipsilateral hip abductors

Midstance

IPSIL TRUNK LEAN, CONTRAL HIP DROP

Question 15

Vaulting

Answer 15

Active plantarflexion of stance limb in order to clear contralateral limb during swing phase
Midstance

Question 16

Causes of vaulting

Answer 16

LLD
prosthesis too long
PF spasticity/contracture

Question 17

Knee thrust

Answer 17

Rapid hyperextension of knee, to move center of mass anterior to knee to produce knee extensor moment
Loading response to midstance

Question 18

Causes of knee thrust

Answer 18

Weak quads
Spastic quads
PF contracture

Question 19

Causes of trendelenburg

Answer 19

Glute med/min weakness
Ipsilateral hip adductor tightness
Superior gluteal nerve palsy

Question 20

Delayed heel off

Answer 20

Lack of plantarflexion that results in inability to transfer weight onto forefoot in prep for swing

Terminal stance to preswing

Question 21

Causes of delayed heel off

Answer 21

Weak plantarflexors
Excessive dorsiflexion mobility
Tibial nerve palsy
Anterior foot pain

Question 22

Early heel off

Answer 22

Inability to have enough dorsiflexion during late stance phase

Midstance

Question 23

Causes of early heel off

Answer 23

Limited posterior talocrural mobility
Tight/spastic plantarflexors
Heel pain

Question 24

Backward trunk lean

Answer 24

Trunk extension to shift center of mass posteriorly and reduce load on glute max

Initial contact to midstance

Question 25

Causes of backward trunk lean

Answer 25

Glute max weakness
Inferior glute nerve palsy