GAIT Flashcards
What joints are involved in gait
Hip
Ankle
knee
Sub-talar
Metatarsal
What movements occur in the stance phase of the hip
Heel strike
Loading response
Mid stance
Heel off
Toe off
Initial swing
Terminal swing
Flexion
Flexion
Neutral
Extension
Extension
Flexion
Flexion
What movements occur in the stance phase of the knee
Heel strike
Loading response
Mid stance
Heel off
Toe off
Initial swing
Terminal swing
Extension
Flexion
Flexion
Extension
Flexion
Flexion to extension
What movements occur in the stance phase of the ankle
Heel strike
Loading response (foot flat)
Mid stance
(Terminal stance) Heel off
(Pre swing) Toe off
Initial swing
Terminal swing
Dorsiflexion (supination)
Plantarflexion (pronation)
(Plantargrade) Plantar flexion to DF (neutral)
Dorsiflexion to Plantarflexion (supination)
Plantarflexion (supination)
Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion
What are the axes and planes of the joints movements in stance phase
Sagittal plane
Frontal axis
What muscles are involved in the heel strike to toe off at each joint
Hip - glute max & hamstring
Knee - quads
Ankle - tib ant
What happens in the knee from heel strike to mid stance
Quads eccentrically contact
What happens to muscles involved in knee extension in mid stance to flexion in mid swing
Hamstrings concentrically contract
What’s happens to muscles from knee flexion in mid swing to knee extension in swing phase
Quads concentrically contact and hamstrings eccentrically contract
What muscle work at the ankle during heel strike
Isometric contraction of tibialis anterior
What muscles and contraction occur from heel strike to foot flat at the ankle
Then to foot flat to mid stance
Then mid stance to heel off and toe off
Then toe off through swing phase
Tib ant eccentrically contract into relative plantarflexion
Tib ant concentrically contracts
Gastroc and soleus concentrically contract in plantarflexion
Tib any concentrically contacts
What range do the hamstrings work in from heel strike to stance at the hip
And hamstrings and quads at knee
H - Middle range
H - outer
Q - inner to mid
What range do hip flexors and extensors work in at the hip from mid stance to heel off and toe off
What at the knee for quads and hamstrings
HF - outer
HE - inner
Q - mid
H - mid
What type of muscle contraction occurs around the muscles of the knee joint from :
Knee extension in mid stance to flexion through swing phase
From mid swing to knee extension in swing phase
- Hamstrings concentrically contract
- Quads concentrically contract and hamstrings concentrically contract
Heel strike - quads concentrically contract
Swing phase - hamstrings concentrically contract
Define mobile platform in GAIT
How the foot functions as flexible balances and allows weight bearing - occurs from the loading response to mid stance
The foot pronates and BOS expands so we can adapt to an uneven surface and absorb ground forces
Define rigid lever in GAIT
Foot acts as a rigid lever when it is supinated and the joints of foot lock up
The foot acts as this by allowing force to transmit through it and allow propulsion
Give an example of a third class lever with on of the joints involved in gait
Knee flexion through swing phase
Fulcrum - knee joint
Effort - hamstrings insertion on tibia
Load - weight of leg and gravity
Any eccentric loading In GAIT
??
Any active or passive insufficieny in GAIT
??
Any origin insertion reverse
Yes tib ant in heel strike - dorsiflexion
What muscles and contraction occur at heel strike to loading response
Quadriceps eccentrically contract
Glute max eccentically contracts
Tib ant eccentically contracts
Muscle contraction from loading response to mid stance
Quadriceps concentrically contract
Glute max concentrically
Gastroc and soleus eccentrically
Muscle contraction from mid stance to terminal stance
Gastrocnemius and soleus eccentrically contract
Muscle contraction at terminal stance to pre swing
Illiopsoas eccentrically contract
Gastrocnemius and soleus concentrically contract
Muscle contraction at preswing to initial swing
Illiopsoas and adductors concentrically contract
Hamstrings concentrically contract
Tibialis anterior concentrically contract
Muscle contraction in initial swing and mid swing to terminal swing
Illiopsoas and adductors concentrically contract
Hamstrings eccentrically
Tibialis anterior concentrically contract
Muscle contraction at terminal swing to initial contact
Quadriceps concentrically
Tibialis anterior isometrically
