Fx osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis (Pathology)

Question 1

fx cracked, but only one piece

Answer 1

incomplete fx

Question 2

fx with overlying tissues intact

Answer 2

closed/simple fx

Question 3

fx where bacteria have a route to bone

Answer 3

compound/open/complicated fx

Question 4

bone broken into several pieces

Answer 4

comminuted/multifragmented fx

Question 5

fx where bone ends have done serious damage to surrounding tissues

Answer 5

complex fx

Question 6

fx due to intrinsic disease of bone

Answer 6

pathologic fx

Question 7

stages of fx healing

Answer 7

1) clot formation
2) neovascularization
3) callus formation
4) remodeling

Question 8

stages of bone deposition in healing

Answer 8

clot -> osteoid -> bone

Question 9

result of poor alignment or motion on fx healing

Answer 9

nonunion. fibrous replacement of tissue at ends - not strong

Question 10

where does osteonecrosis happen?

Answer 10

end-artery areas

Question 11

bad result of osteonecrosis

Answer 11

detachment of articular cartilage (normally spared)

Question 12

osteonecrosis of femoral head is a complication of what? (5 things)

Answer 12

sickle cell
decompression sickness
femoral neck fx
alcohol abuse
glucocorticoids (not anabolic steroids)

Question 13

hypercellular bone marrow (nonmalignant)

what’s the problem?

Answer 13

sickle cell

interferes with blood flow - necrosis

Question 14

signs of SCD in XR (3 major things)

Answer 14

hand foot syndrome - soft tissue swelling, periosteal bone formation, moth-eaten litic process in phalanx

chronic infarcts in knees, osteoarthritis results

bone-within-bone appearance - sclerosis

Question 15

most common ages for hematogenous osteomyelitis

Answer 15

2-4 yo

Question 16

salmonella osteomyelitis

Answer 16

sickle cell disease

Question 17

80-90% of osteomyelitis caused by

Answer 17

staphylococcus

Question 18

TB in vertebra

Answer 18

Pott disease

Question 19

outside encapsulating area of osteomyelitis

Answer 19

involucrum

Question 20

inner necrotic area of osteomyelitis

Answer 20

sequestrum

Question 21

how do you tell bone is dead on histo?

Answer 21

no osteocytes in lacunae

Question 22

predominant cells in osteomyelitis - acute? chronic?

Answer 22

polys, still polys

Question 23

severe kyphosis name

Answer 23

gibbus deformity

Question 24

complications of gibbus deformity

Answer 24

spinal cord compression, aortic kinking

Question 25

common levels of pott’s disease deformity

Answer 25

T9-L1

Question 26

syphilis organism

Answer 26

Treponema pallidium, a spirochete

Question 27

phases of syphilis

Answer 27

primary, secondary, tertiary, congenital

Question 28

primary syphilis

Answer 28

single chancre at point of contact. firm, painless ulceration. heals spontaneously in 4-6 wks

Question 29

secondary syphilis

Answer 29

symmetrical reddish-pink non-itchy rash on trunk & extremities.

most contageous

condylomata lata

Question 30

tertiary syphilis

Answer 30

gummas form - tumor-like granulomas
1-10 yrs after infection

neurosyphilis and cardiovascular syphilis most severe

Question 31

neuropathic joint disease in syphilis

Answer 31

tertiary. degeneration of joint surfaces & loss of proprioception

Question 32

congenital syphilis

Answer 32

saber shin, saddle nose deformity

transmission across placenta to fetus