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Microbiology Path > Fungus > Flashcards

Fungus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which fungi must be handled in BSL-III?

A

histoplasma, blastomyces, coccidioides

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2
Q

What aspergillus spp is resistant to amphotericin B and has decreased sensitivity to voriconazole?

A

Aspergillus terreus

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3
Q

Which aspergillus spp has alfatoxin and what does aflaxotin do?

A

Aspergillus flavus

carcinogenic hepatotoxin

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4
Q

Which species of aspergillus has aleuriocondia

A

Aspergillus terreus

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5
Q

Which dimorphic fungi produces spherules in tissue section?

A

coccidioides immits

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6
Q

Which candida species is resistant to fluconazole?

A

Candida glabrata

Candida krusei

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7
Q

Amphotericin belongs to which class of antifungals and what is the MOA?

A

class: polyenes
MOA: bind ergosterol in the cell membrane and alter the selective permeablility of the membrane

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8
Q

What are the clinical indications for amphotericin?

A 
Candida
Geotrichum
Cryptococcus
Mucormycosis
Aspergillosis (invasive)
Dimorphic fungi (severe infection)
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9
Q

Name the azoles and their MOA

A

fluconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, isavuconazole
MOA: interfere with synthesis of ergosterol and disrupt the integrity of the cell membrane

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10
Q

What are the clinical indications for fluconazole

A

candida

cryptococcus

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11
Q

clinical indications voriconazole

A

candida (fluconazole resistant)
aspergillus
fusarium

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12
Q

clinical indications itraconazole

A

cryptococcus
aspergillus
dimorphic fungi (mild-mod infections)
onychomycosis

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13
Q

clinical indications posaconazole

A

candida
aspergillus
mucormycosis

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14
Q

Organisms resistant to amphotericin

A

trichosporon
aspergillus terrues
fusarium (inc MIC)

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15
Q

organisms to azoles (general)

A 
rhodotorula
mucomycosis (except posaconazole)
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16
Q

organisms resistant to fluconazole

A

C. glabrata
C. krusei
Geotrichum capitatum
fusarium

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17
Q

organism resistant to voriconazole

A

Aspergillus terreus

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18
Q

Echinocandins and MOA

A

caspofungin, micafungin, anidulofungin

MOA: inhibit 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis (involved in cell wall synthesis)

19
Q

Clinical indications echinocandins

A

Candida incl. krusei and glabrata (fungicidal)

Aspergillus (fungistatic)

20
Q

organisms resistant to echinocandins

A 
C. parapsilosis
Geotricum capitatum
Cryptococcus neoformans
Trichosporon
Rhodotorula
mucormycosis
fusarium
21
Q

5-flucytosine MOA

A

fluorinated pyrimidine base is metabolized to 5-FU, incorporated into fungal RNA and inhibits protein synthesis

22
Q

clinical indications 5-Flucytosine

A

Candida

cryptococcus

23
Q

organisms resistant to 5-flucytosine

A

malassezia
trichosporon
mucormycosis

24
Q

Terbinafine MOA

A

inhibit ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase

25
Q

clinical indications terbinafine

A

dermatophytes

useful in combination therapy for resistant fungi

26
Q

Griseofulvin MOA and clinical indications

A

binds microtubule proteins, inhibiting mitosis

used for dermatophytes which are unresponsive to azoles

27
Q

What does cryptococcal antigen test for?

A

capsular polysaccharide

28
Q

What is galatcomannan useful for?

A

detecting aspergillus infection

galactomannan is component of aspergillus cell wall

29
Q

What is 1,3-beta-d-glucan useful for?

A

any invasive fungal infection

polysaccharide component of most fungi cell wall

30
Q

What is chitin?

A

component of cell wall composed of n-acetyl glucosamine

31
Q

What is ergosterol?

A

forms cell wall. Target of many antifungals

32
Q

what is the germ tube test? which fungi will show positive germ tube test?

A

Early formation of true hyphae at 37°C; takes 2-3 hours

Positive reaction with Candida albicans/dubliniensis

33
Q

Which phyla will show a positive urease test?

A

Basidiomycetes will be positive vs ascomycetes negative.
Basidiomyctes include cryptococcus, malassezia, trichosporon, rhodutorula.
Ascomycetes include Candida spp and Geotrichum spp

34
Q

Which two fungal spp can be identified on PNA FISH from pos blood cx?

A

Candida albicans and Candida glabrata

35
Q

Chromagar green

A

C. albicans/dubliensis
PNA fish green
germ tube pos

36
Q

Chromagar pink

A

C. glabrata “dirty pink”,PNA FISH red
budding yeast with no pseudohyphage
Vs C. krusei: pseudohyphae with elongated blastoconidia

37
Q

Chomagar blue

A

C. tropicalis

38
Q

Chromagar white/pink

A

C. parapsilosis

39
Q

Which Candida spp are resistant to fluconazole

A

C. glabrata and C. krusei

40
Q

cryptococcus neoformans is resistant to which class of antifungals

A

echinocandins

41
Q

Which organism causes tinea versicolor and how is it treated?

A

Malassezia
clusters of round budding yeast-like cells and short hyphal forms; “spaghetti and meatballs”
Urease (+)
Tx: 5-Flucytosine

42
Q

Which drug is treatment of choice for mucorales?

A

amphotericin B

resistance to azoles, echinocandins and 5-flucytosine

43
Q

What is treatment for dimorphic fungi?

A

fluconazole or itraconazole (mild)

amphotericin (severe)

Microbiology Path (9 decks)

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