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Microbiology Path > AFB > Flashcards

AFB Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Desired blood culture volume adults

A

20-30 mL

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2
Q

Desired blood culture volume kids

A

1-5 mL

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3
Q

How long are AFB cultures held for?

A

6 weeks

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4
Q

Define multi-drug resistant TB

A

resistant to rifampin and isoniazid

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5
Q

What are the indications for susceptibility testing of MTB?

A
  1. all initial isolates
  2. after 3 months of treatment, culture still positive
  3. clinical evidence of treatment failure
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6
Q

Treatment of active TB

A

9 months of isoniazid and rifampin with pyraizinamide for first two months

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7
Q

Treatment of latent TB

A
  • Isoniazid for 9 months
  • Rifampin for 4 months
  • Rifampin/pyrazinamide for 2 months
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8
Q

What is the minimum volume for AFB for fluids and respiratory?

A

1 mL

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9
Q

What is the minimum volume for AFB for CSF?

A

5mL

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10
Q

Which mycobacteria species cannot be cultured in vitro?

A

M. leprae

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11
Q

Which bacteria must be worked in under BSL3?

A

Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Franciscella tularensis, Brucella, Chlamydia psittaci, Rickettsia rickettsii, Coxiella burnetti,

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12
Q

Which mycobacteria must be worked with in BSL3?

A

MTB

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13
Q

Which parasite must be worked with in BSL3?

A

Leismania donovani

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14
Q

Which viruses must be worked in with BSL3?

A

West nile virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, SARS coronavirus, Rift Valley fever virus, yellow fever virus

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15
Q

Which 4 mycobacteria do we probe for on positive culture?

A

MTB, MAC, M. kansasii, M. gordonae

Limit of detection 10^1 – 10^2 CFU/mL, sensitivity 85-98%, specificity 97-100%

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16
Q

Know key biochemical tests often used to identify M. tuberculosis (niacin/nitrate) and those used to differentiate M. abscessus from M. chelonae (sodium citrate).

A
  • M. tuberculosis: Nitrate (+), Niacin (+)

* M. chelonae can utilize citrate, while M. abscesses cannot

17
Q

First line TB drugs

A

rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

18
Q

Second line TB drugs

A

streptomycin, capreomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, PAS, cycloserine, ethionamide

19
Q

Which mycobacterium are resistant to pyrazinamide?

A

M. bovis

M. kansassii

20
Q

Define photochromogen

A 
produce pigment after exposure to light
slow growth (>7 days)
21
Q

Which mycobacteria are considered photochromogens?

A

M. kansasii
M. marinum
M. asiaticum
M. intermedium

22
Q

Define scotochromogen

A

produce pigment in dark or light, slow growth (>7 days)

23
Q

Which mycobacteria are scotochromogens

A

M. gordonae

M. scrofulaceum

24
Q

Which mycobacteria are non-photochromogens?

A 
MAC
M. simiae
M. haemophilum
M. xenopi
M. ulcerans
M. malmoense
M. gastri
25
Q

Which mycobacteria are rapid growers?

A

M. abcessus
M. fortuitum
M. chelonae

26
Q

Which specimens are digested?

A

Specimens from non-sterile body sites with normal bacterial and fungal flora, which may interfere with recovery of mycobacteria
Vs sterile sites not

NaOH: kills competing bacteria
Sodium citrate: binds toxic ions produced in digestion
N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC): mucolytic
Oxalic acid is used to kill Pseudomonas in high risk patients (CF)

27
Q

What component of the cell wall is responsible for acid fast staining?

A

mycolic acid

28
Q

What flouresecent stain is used to ID mycobacteria?

A

Auramine-rhodamine fluorochrome vs Ziehl-Neelson 10% more sensitive but less specific. Used as screening test

29
Q

Sens and spec mycobacterial cx

A

Culture limit of detection 10^1 CFU/mL, sensitivity 90-95%, specificity 99%

30
Q

Which AST are routinely done for MAC

A

clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, and linezolid

31
Q

How does the Gen-Probe accuprobe work?

A

ssDNDA probe that is complimentary to rRNA target
Stable DNA:RNA hybrids are formed
Labeled hybrids are measured

32
Q

What does the geneXpert test for

A

Send out test to state lab

Detects presence of MTBC and RIF resistance

Microbiology Path (9 decks)

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