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Microbiology Path > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enterobacteriaceae general characteristics

A

facultative anaerobes, grow on standard lab media incl. MacConkey agar, ferment glucose +/- lactose, oxidase negative, reduce nitrate to nitrite, catalase positive except Shigella dysenteriae, usually motile. Colonies are large, grey, and smooth.

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2
Q

Lactose fermenters

A

Citrobacter, E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella (CEEK)

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3
Q

Non-motile:

A

Shigella, Klebsiella, Yersinia at 37°C (SKY)

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4
Q

H2S producers

A

Salmonella, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus miribalis, Edwardsiella, Citrobacter

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5
Q

Which two bacteria (one GP and one GN) produce DNAse?

A

S. auerus

serratia maracescens

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6
Q

Which antibiotics are enterococci naturally resistant to

A

cephalosporins (altered PBP)
clindamycin
aminoglycosides (inability to penetrate cell wall)

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7
Q

Enterococci have acquired resistance to which antibiotics?

A

penicillin (beta-lactamase, chromosomal)
vancomycin (multiple van genes)
high level resistance to aminoglycosides

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8
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of resistance for staph spp?

A
  1. Beta-lactamase carried on plasmid resulting in penicillin resistance
  2. Altered PBP2, chromosomal through mecA gene. Resistance to oxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, 1-4 gen. cephalosporins
  3. Alterations in cell wall by van A gene resulting in vancomycin resistance
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9
Q

What is PBP2A test used for?

A

Identification of MRSA

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10
Q

How do you distinguish S. saprophyticus from S. epidermidis?

A

Both are coag neg staph
S. saprophyticus is novobiocin R
S. epidermidis is novobiocin S

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11
Q

What are the two major groups of beta-hemolytic strep and how do you distinguish them biochemically?

A 
Strep pyogenes (group A): catalase (-), PYR (+), bacitracin S, Na hippurate (-), CAMP test (-)
Strep agalactiae (group B): catalase (-), Na hippurate (+), CAMP test (+), polysaccharide capsule
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12
Q

What is the mechanism of antibiotic resistance in enterococcus?

A

Resistant to celphalosporins and penicillins; low-level resistance to aminoglycosides
Vancomycin resistance due to target site alterations encoded by van genes (E. faecium: vanA; E. faecalis: vanB)

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13
Q

How can you biochemically distinguish bacillus antracis from bacillus cereus?

A

Both are catalaste (+)
B. anthracis: non-hemolytic, non-motile
B. cereus: beta-hemolytic, motile

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14
Q

Bacillus cereus is resistant to which antibiotics?

A

penicillins, cephalosporins (broad spectrum beta-lactamase)

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15
Q

How can you biochemically distinguish listeria from bacillus/

A

on gram stain, bacillus has spores
both are catalase (+)
listeria is CAMP test (+)

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16
Q

Listeria is resistant to which antibiotic?

A

cephalosporins

17
Q

Which aerobic gram positive rods are MDR?

A

corynebacterium jeikeium

corynebacterium urealyticum

18
Q

How to distinguish Neisseria from moraxella on biochemically?

A

Both are gram neg diplococci and are oxidase (+)
Neisseria grows on selective media MTM, GC-lect and ferments glucose
Moraxella is a non-fermenter

19
Q

special growth characteristics Haemophilus spp?

A

chocolate agar only
H. influenza needs factor X (hemin) and V (NAD)
H. parainfluenza: factor V (NAD)
H. ducreyi: Factor X

20
Q

Anaerobic gram pos coccobacilli in chains SPS sens

A

peptostreptococcus

21
Q

What are the growth and biochemical characteristics of Bacteroides fragilis? what antibiotic is it resistant to?

A

gram-neg pleomorphic rods, safety pin shape
Grows on BBE (bacteroides bile esculin agar)
Col R Kan R Van R
Resistant to pencillin (beta-lactamase)

22
Q

What class of antibiotics is listeria monocytogenes resistant to?

A

cephalosporins

23
Q

What media is used to isolate nocardia

A

Buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE)

24
Q

What spp of nocardia is often causes disseminated & CNS infection and is MDR?

A

N. farcinica

25
Q

Which type of H. influenza is responsible for most disease and how can you detect?

A

type B

agglutination test

26
Q

What is the name of the toxin of Clostridium perfringens? And how can you detect?

A

alpha-toxin/lecithinase
Egg yolk agar: ppt in presence of toxin
Nagler test: no ppt in presence of antibodies to toxin

27
Q

What key biochemical test differentiates E. coli from klebsiella spp.?

A

Kleb is urease (+)
E. coli and kleb oxytoca are indole (+)
kleb pneumo is indole (-)

28
Q

Which gram neg rod is said to be swarming on agar with foul smell?

A

Proteus

29
Q

Which enterobacteriacea produce ESBL?

A

E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis

30
Q

Which enterobacteriacea have ampC mutations?

A 
E. coli
citrobacter
enterobacter cloacae
Providencia spp
Morganella morganii
serratia marcescens
31
Q

Which enterobacteriacea have KPC?

A

Klebsiella pneumonia
Citrobacter
serratia marcescens

32
Q

Resistance profile pseudomonas aeruginosa

A 
ESBL
carbapenemase
ampC, inducible
Efflux pumps
Topoisomerase mutations
33
Q

Resistance profile acenitobacter

A

Beta-lactams
aminoglycosides
quinolones

34
Q

Resistance profile stenotrophomonas maltophila

A

intrinsically resistant to beta-lactams
often resistant to quinolones
Tx of choice=TMP/SMX

35
Q

Vibrio spp growth on TCBS

A

cholera: yellow
parahemolyticus: green

36
Q

What gas do they AACEK group of bacteria require for growth?

A

CO2

37
Q

What does verigene detect?

A

nucleic acid microarray for gram (+) cocci from positive blood cx bottles

38
Q

Which enterobacteriacea are ureas pos

A

Proteus, Citrobacter, Klebsiella

Microbiology Path (9 decks)

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