Fungi/Protists Flashcards by Anika Katasonoff

Protists

Unicellular eukaryotes

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Where are protists found?

Aquatic/marine environments

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Contractile vacuole

Helps control, osmotic pressure and prevent cell from bursting

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Plankton

organisms that are move by water currents

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What are a result of Endo symbiosis?

Chloroplasts

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Endo symbiosis

Once their own species of bacteria

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Euglenids

-Autotrophic during the day, heterotrophic at night
-Migrate in water columns
-have eyespot

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Dinoflagellates

Found in marine life environments
Can contain red/green pigments (cause toxic blooms-red tides)

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Bioluminescence

The disturbance of Dino’s flagellates

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What else can zooplankton be referred as?

Protozoans

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Protozoans

Ingest food through phagocytosis
Diet consists of bacteria/protists
Can be free living/parasitic

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Paramecium

Oval shaped protists
Have protein structures called Cilia

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Amoeba

Have pseudopods

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Pseudopods 2 main functions

Locomotion
Feeding

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Food vacuole

Resulting structure of pseudopods

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Malaria

Deadly illness caused by protists from plasmodium genus

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How many cases of malaria did WHO declare in 2020

241 million
627,000 deaths

P falciparum

-Causes 75% of human infection
-Transmitted by anopheles mosquito
-Stagnant wanted increased mosquito population (increasing illness)

Plasmodium

-Directly affect human gene
-Presence of faulty chloroplasts
-Closely related to green algae

Sickle cell anaemia

Causes red blood cells to become deformed
Provide immunity to plasmodium infection, can’t carry as much oxygen

How many human proteins are influenced by plasmodium protists?

Sporozite stage

Injection of protist into new host
Migrate through the bloodstream to the liver

Merozoites

Daughter cells of sporozoites
Appear spherical
Infect red blood cells
Reproduce asexually

Gametocyte

Lyse RBC’s
Taken up by mosquito bites
Reproduce sexually inside mosquito

All fungal reproduction involves production of cells, called what

Spores

Dispensed into air increasing chance for fungus to find favourable environment

Sporangia

-Structures that produce asexual spores -Dormant until favourable conditions -Germination of the spores is triggered by water

Symbiotic organisms

Lichen and mycorrhizae

Fungi cause disease in humans by doing what

Infecting, skin or respiratory system

Common traits between fungi and plants

Eucaryotic Have cell walls Are sessile

Differences between fungi and plants

-Plants have roots fungi have rhizoids -Plants use photosynthesis, fungi, or heterotrophic -Plants have cell walls of cellulose fungi use chitin

Fruiting body

Used for reproduction, creating, and releasing spores

Hyphae

-Small filament that make up the mushroom -Have thickness of just one cell

Septa

Walls that separate fungal cells

Rhizoids

Anchor fungi to the ground

Mycelium

Underground network of hyphae Responsible for locating and obtaining nutrients and mating

What process do fungi use to obtain nutrients?

Extracellular digestion

Basidiomycota

Known as mushrooms Edible

Zygomycota

Molds Break down nutrients from dead plants/animals

Ascomycota

Rusts, yeasts and truffles Unicellular Truffles are subterranean, rusts are parasitic

Deuteromycota

Miscellaneous fungi Include human pathogens Ex. Athletes foot ringworm and Penicillium fungus.