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Dermatology > Fungi and Infestations > Flashcards

Fungi and Infestations Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what is another word for tinea infection

A

ringworm

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2
Q

what is seen in a characteristic tinea infection

A

erythematous scaly lesion with a leading edge and a ‘spared’ center

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3
Q

how is tinea classified

A

by body location

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4
Q

where is tinea pedis found

A

foot

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5
Q

where is tinea manuum found

A

wrist/hand

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6
Q

where is tinea cruris found

A

groin

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7
Q

where is tinea corpis found

A

all over the body

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8
Q

where is tinea captis found

A

on the top of the head

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9
Q

what population is tinea captis more common in

A

afrocaribbean

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10
Q

what is onychomycosis

A

tinea of nails, extremely common causing onycholysis, hyperkeratosis and discoloration - often confused for psoriasis

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11
Q

how do you investigate tinea infection

A

scrapings from the leading edge of the infection

or if on nails clippings are sent

certain fungi flouresce under UV (woods) light

if hair - hair samples + root is best

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12
Q

what are some differentials for tinea infection

A

psoriasis
discoid eczema
erythasma
candidisasis

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13
Q

how do you differentiate candidiasis from tinea

A

candidiasis has satellite lesions and pustules

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14
Q

what are the high risk groups for candidiasis infection

A

young
very old
immunocompromised
diabetics

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15
Q

what’s the treatment for candidiasis infection

A 
systemic = Polyenes (Nyastatin/Amphotericin B) 
localised = clotrimazoles or oral fluconazole
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16
Q

what treatment is usually recommended for nail infections

A

topical treatment - Azole (a triazole like itraconazole) or Terbinafine
Systemic treatment - terbinafine/itraconazole

17
Q

whats the treatment lengths for terbinafine for skin, fingernail and toenail infections

A

skin 250mg 2-4 weeks
fingernail - 250mg 3 months
toenail - 250mg 3-6 months

18
Q

why are imidazoles generally avoided for systemic therapy

A

they cause inhibition of androgen synthesis leading to gynaecomastia

19
Q

what type of azole is the systemic therapy of choice

A

Triazoles

20
Q

why is griseofulvin less popular now

A

it is fungistatic not fungicidal

21
Q

who gets given griseofulvin

A

children under 12 with tinea

22
Q

what is malassezia furfur

A

a type of fungi that manifests in either Pitryiasis versicolour or seborrheic dermatitis

23
Q

what is Pitryiasis versicolour

A

finely scaled yellow/brown macules commonly on trunk - may be hyperpigmented/hypopigmented depending on skin type

24
Q

what is the treatment for Pitryiasis versicolour

A

topical antifungal 7/7 (or itraconazole if immunosuppressed)

25
Q

what is seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

mild form of dermatitis that commonly affects brow, paranasal areas and perioral areas

known as cradle cap in infants

26
Q

how do you treat seborrheic dermatitis

A

topical azoles

low potency steroids for rapid short term treatment (doesnt work long term)

Sometimes topical immunomodulators such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are used off license, especially when withdrawing from long term steroids

27
Q

what causes scabies

A

sarcoptes scabiei mite

28
Q

how does scabies spread

A

human to human contact

29
Q

what is a clinical feature of scabies

A

itchy spot that becomes excoriated
scratch-like burrow spot
if untreated more burrows

30
Q

what sites are most common for scabies

A 
axilae
finger webs 
flexures
breasts
insteps 
ankles
31
Q

what is norweigan/crusted scabies and who gets it

A

severe form of scabies, elderly or immunocompromised

32
Q

what causes the excoriation in scabies

A

pruitis from the mite faeces

33
Q

whats the treatment for scabies

A

12 hour application for permetrin/malathion repeated after a week (lifecycle of mite - treatment doesnt kill eggs)

avoid close contact and wash linens/clothes

34
Q

what is the most common complication post-treatment of scabies

A

eczema development after the mites have gone

35
Q

whats the treatment for headlice

A

fine tooth combing daily + use of suitable conditioner
pediculocides (malathion, permethrin,carbaryl)
regular checking

Dermatology (12 decks)

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