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Dermatology > Examination of the Skin + General Skin knowledge > Flashcards

Examination of the Skin + General Skin knowledge Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the skin

A 
protection from external damage
resistance to sheer stress
barrier
sensation 
metabolic - vit D synthesis
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2
Q

what are the 3 layers of the skin - superficial to deep

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis/subcutis

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3
Q

whats in the epidermis

A

stratified squamous epithelium

keratinised

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4
Q

whats in the dermis

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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5
Q

what separates the dermis and epidermis

A

basement membrane

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6
Q

what is the dermis split into

A

papillary - top

reticular - bottom

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7
Q

what is in the papillary dermis

A

most nerve endings

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8
Q

whats in the hypodermis/subcutis

A

adipose tissue

blood supply

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9
Q

what are the 5 layers of the epidermis bottom to top

A 
stratum basale
stratum spunosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum 
stratum corneum
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10
Q

what types of cells are in skin

A 
keratinocytes (95%)
melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells
basement membrane
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11
Q

what do keratinocytes do

A

produce keratin

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12
Q

what do melanocytes do

A

pigment cells with melanin which scatters UV light

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13
Q

where are most melanocytes found

A

in stratum basale

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14
Q

what do Merkel cells do

A

neuroendocrine functions

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15
Q

where are merkel cells found

A

stratum basale

many are in touch areas

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16
Q

what is the basement membrane

A

sheet of matrix at interface of parenchyme + support tissue

17
Q

whats the basement membrane made from

A

type 4 collagen, glycoproteins and glucosaminoglycacides

18
Q

how do you describe a rash

A

DCM criteria

distribution (extensor/flexor/symetrical)
configuration (annular, clustered, linear, none)
morphology (maculae/papules etc)

19
Q

what are bullae

A

blisters >5cm

20
Q

what is a cyst

A

papule/nodule lined by epithelium ocntaining fluid, pus or keratin

21
Q

what is ecchymosis

A

extraversion of blood into the skin

22
Q

what is a macule

A

flat area of colour change

23
Q

what is a nodule

A

palpable mass >0.5cm

24
Q

what is a papule

A

palpable mass <0.5cm

25
Q

what are petechiae

A

pinhead sized non blanching macules of blood due to small vessel haemorrhage

26
Q

what is a plaque

A

flat topped palpable lesion

27
Q

what is purpura

A

large non-blanching macules in the skin

28
Q

what is a pustule

A

visible accumulation of pus in the skin

29
Q

what is telangiectasia

A

visiblae dilation of small cutaneous blood vessels

30
Q

what is an ulcer

A

any skin break, generally complete loss of epidermis

31
Q

what is a vesicle

A

<5mm papule filled with liquid

32
Q

what is a wheal

A

smooth surfaced dermal swelling, dermal oedema, non scaling

puncturing does not leak fluid

Dermatology (12 decks)

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