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Dermatology > Bacterial and Viral infections > Flashcards

Bacterial and Viral infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what are commensal bacteria

A

organism that lives on/with another organism without causing disease/pathology

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2
Q

what are some human bacterial commensals

A

S.epidermidis (other staph. Bacteria can be but are less common) 

Micrococci

Corynebacteria 

Proprionibacteria

S.aureus (but only up the nose, otherwise it is usually a pathogen) 

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3
Q

when may commensals be infective

A

if the skin barrier is broken

overproliferation

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4
Q

whats are the pathologies for staph infection

A

primary infection on normal skin
secondary infection on damaged skin
disease through staphylococci toxin production

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5
Q

what topical and systemic antibiotics are useful for staph infections

A

topical - fusidic acid, mupirocin

Systemic - flucloxacillin, clindamycin

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6
Q

what are first-line antibiotics for streptococcal infections

A
  1. Pen V - only if definitely streptococcal as it doesnt work for staph
  2. flucloxacillin - 1st line if diagnostic doubt
  3. clindamycin
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7
Q

what hypersensitivity reactions may occur after streptococcal infection

A 
guttate psoriasis 
erythema nodosum
erythema multiforme
vasculitis
glomerulonephritis
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8
Q

what is impetigo

A

staph/strep infection on compromised skin (commonly eczema) - often has a golden crust , highly infective

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9
Q

what is bullous impetigo and who gets it more commonly

A

impetigo with blisters caused by staphylococcal toxins

infants

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10
Q

whats the treatment for impetigo

A

topical antibiotics (fluclox) unless extremely widespread

remove crust with soap and water as that’s where the bacteria are

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11
Q

what is folliculitis

A

primary infection centered around hair follicles presenting with pustules and inflammation

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12
Q

what tends to cause folliculitis

A

s.aureus

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13
Q

whats the treatment for folliculitis

A

topical fusidic acid/mupirocin, if required short course oral fluclox

recurrent/severe = 3 months tetracycline

screen for nasal carriage

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14
Q

whats the treatment for an infected ulcer

A

potassium permanganate baths
optimise ulcer factors
oral antibiotics - depends on swabs/culture but pseudomonas common so penicillin/cipro useful

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15
Q

whats cellulitis

A

infection of subcutaneous tissue causing unilateral redness/swelling

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16
Q

whats the treatment for cellulitis

A

systemic antibiotics - fluclox clarithromycin/doxycycline if pen allergic, co-amoxiclav if on face

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17
Q

What commonly presents alongside cellulititis

A

tinea pedis, as it provides a port of entry

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18
Q

what is erysipelas

A

variant of cellulitis caused by group A streptococcus

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19
Q

where is erysipelas usually found

A

anywhere but the trunk

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20
Q

whats the treatment for erysipelas

A

Pen V

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21
Q

what is ecthyma

A

deep streptococcal infection causing indurated lesions with a crust - usually covering an ulcer

22
Q

who gets ecthyma most commonly

A

immunocompromised/diabetics

23
Q

whats the treatment for ecthyma

A

2-4 week course of systemic antibiotics (Pen V/fluclox)

24
Q

what is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

rare condition following a staph infection due to toxin release, causes sheets of skin to shed leaving a raw erythematous layer

25
Q

whats the treatment for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A
  1. IV flucloxacillin

2. intensive care support, fluids, emollient etc

26
Q

what is necrosing fasciitis

A

destructive, often fatal disease caused by a deep synergistic infection of staph and strep

dermatological emergency with exquisite tenderness, systemic sepsis and rapidly spreading erythema/necrosis

27
Q

whats the treatment for necrosing fasciitis

A

Resus support
Systemic antibiotics - strongest
debridement of necrotic material

28
Q

what are the common mycobacterium that cause issues dermatologically

A

M.tuberculosis + M.leprae

29
Q

what dermatological issues do mycobacterium cause

A

lupus vulgaris
tuberculoid leprosy
lepromatous leprosy

30
Q

what is lupus vulgaris

A

cutaneous m.tuberclosis infection causing reddish brown nodules that slowly enlarge to form a plaque commonly on face/neck

31
Q

what’s the treatment for lupus vulgaris

A

same as pulmonary Tb (rifampicin,izoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide)

32
Q

what is tuberculoid leprosy

A

M.leprae infection causing thickened nerves and hypopigmented anaesthetic patches of skin

33
Q

whats the treatment for tuberculoid leprosy

A

rifampicin/dapsone for 6 months

34
Q

what is lepromatous leprosy

A

m.leprae infection causing symmetrical nodules papules and plaques

35
Q

what does lepromatous leprosy lead to if untreated

A

leonine facies - facial disfigurement involving severe coarsening of the facial features

36
Q

whats the treatment for lepromatous leprosy

A

rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine for at least 2 years

37
Q

what are the two types of herpes infection

A

1 = lips
2 =genitalia

however there is some crossover

38
Q

what is the most common Herpes simplex virus infection in children

A

gingivostomatitis

39
Q

what is gingivostomatitis

A

vesicular lesions on gum, lips and hard palate from herpes simplex infection causing fevers

40
Q

whats the treatment for gingivostomatitis

A

topical/systemic aciclovir

41
Q

what is eczema herpeticum

A

HSV infection of eczema causing crusted monomorphic vesicles and severe systemic unwellness

42
Q

whats the treatment of eczema herpeticum

A

topical steroids + systemic aciclovir

check for impetigo and if there use topical Abx

43
Q

what is varicella zoster virus infection also known as

A

chickenpox

44
Q

how does varicella zoster virus infection present

A

children - extremely pruitic cropsof vesicles with crusting

adults - same as kids but may have internal organ involvement

45
Q

what is shingles

A

reactivation of herpres zoster virus causing a cluster of vesicles in a dermatomal distribution

46
Q

what does a shingles outbreak on the tip of the nose indicate

A

increased chance of eye involvement causing permanent blindness

47
Q

what are complications of shingles infection

A

blindness from eye involvement
secondary bacterial infection
encephalitis
post-herpetic neuralgia

48
Q

whats the treatment for shingles

A

aciclovir - only if new vesicles are forming

analgesia

49
Q

what is molluscum contagiousm

A

asymptomatic lesion caused by a pox virus, presents as a self limiting wart-like round protrusion with a central dimple

50
Q

what is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum

A

no treatment required

Dermatology (12 decks)

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