Fundamentals Chemistry I Flashcards
What is the standard measure of length
a meter (m)
What is the standard measure of mass
the kilogram (kg)
What is the standard measure of time
the second (s)
What is the standard measure of temperature
the Kelvin (K)
define temperature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that compose a sample of matter
Celcius equation
(F - 32) / 1.8
Kelvin equation
C + 273.15
What is the prefix multiplier (scientific notation) for a kilo- (k)
10^3 = 1,000
What is the prefix multiplier for a mega- (M)
10^6 = 1,000,000
What is the prefix multiplier for a deci- (d)
10^-1 = 0.1
What is the prefix multiplier for a centi- (c)
10^-2 = 0.01
What is the prefix multiplier for a milli- (m)
10^-3 = 0.001
What is the prefix multiplier for a micro- (ยต)
10^-6 = 0.000001
What is the prefix multiplier for a nano- (n)
10^-9 = 0.000000001
What is the prefix multiplier for a pico- (p)
10^-12 = 0.000000000001
What is the prefix multiplier for a giga- (G)
10^9 = 1,000,000,000
What is the prefix multiplier for a tera- (T)
10^12 = 1,000,000,000,000
What are the 4 significant figures rules
1) all nonzero numbers ARE significant
2) zeroes between nonzero numbers ARE significant
3) zeroes to the left of nonzero numbers are NOT significant Ex: 0.0006
4) Trailing zeroes:
- trailing zeroes after a decimal point are always significant ex: 45.000
-trailing zeroes before a decimal point and after a nonzero number are always significant ex: 40.0, 2500.55
-trailing zeroes before an implied decimal are ambiguous ex: 1200 = ambiguous (2 sig figs unless said otherwise), 1200. (4 sig figs)
density equation
Density = Mass / Volume; d = m / V
what is an intensive property (definition and example)
a property that is independent of the amount of a given substance (EX: density; the density of aluminum is the same whether we have a gram or kilogram). can be used to identify a substance
what is an extensive property (definition and example)
a property that depends on the amount of a given substance (EX: mass; if we know only the mass of a gold sample, that info alone wonโt allow us to identify it as gold).
define kinetic energy
the energy associated with motion
define potential energy
the energy associated with the position or composition of an object
define thermal energy
the type of kinetic energy associated with temperature. the motion of individual atoms or molecules in the object
