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Reese > Fundamentals Chemistry I > Flashcards

Fundamentals Chemistry I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the standard measure of length

A

a meter (m)

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2
Q

What is the standard measure of mass

A

the kilogram (kg)

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3
Q

What is the standard measure of time

A

the second (s)

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4
Q

What is the standard measure of temperature

A

the Kelvin (K)

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5
Q

define temperature

A

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that compose a sample of matter

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6
Q

Celcius equation

A

(F - 32) / 1.8

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7
Q

Kelvin equation

A

C + 273.15

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8
Q

What is the prefix multiplier (scientific notation) for a kilo- (k)

A

10^3 = 1,000

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9
Q

What is the prefix multiplier for a mega- (M)

A

10^6 = 1,000,000

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10
Q

What is the prefix multiplier for a deci- (d)

A

10^-1 = 0.1

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11
Q

What is the prefix multiplier for a centi- (c)

A

10^-2 = 0.01

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12
Q

What is the prefix multiplier for a milli- (m)

A

10^-3 = 0.001

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13
Q

What is the prefix multiplier for a micro- (µ)

A

10^-6 = 0.000001

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14
Q

What is the prefix multiplier for a nano- (n)

A

10^-9 = 0.000000001

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15
Q

What is the prefix multiplier for a pico- (p)

A

10^-12 = 0.000000000001

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16
Q

What is the prefix multiplier for a giga- (G)

A

10^9 = 1,000,000,000

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17
Q

What is the prefix multiplier for a tera- (T)

A

10^12 = 1,000,000,000,000

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18
Q

What are the 4 significant figures rules

A

1) all nonzero numbers ARE significant
2) zeroes between nonzero numbers ARE significant
3) zeroes to the left of nonzero numbers are NOT significant Ex: 0.0006
4) Trailing zeroes:
- trailing zeroes after a decimal point are always significant ex: 45.000
-trailing zeroes before a decimal point and after a nonzero number are always significant ex: 40.0, 2500.55
-trailing zeroes before an implied decimal are ambiguous ex: 1200 = ambiguous (2 sig figs unless said otherwise), 1200. (4 sig figs)

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19
Q

density equation

A

Density = Mass / Volume; d = m / V

20
Q

what is an intensive property (definition and example)

A

a property that is independent of the amount of a given substance (EX: density; the density of aluminum is the same whether we have a gram or kilogram). can be used to identify a substance

21
Q

what is an extensive property (definition and example)

A

a property that depends on the amount of a given substance (EX: mass; if we know only the mass of a gold sample, that info alone won’t allow us to identify it as gold).

22
Q

define kinetic energy

A

the energy associated with motion

23
Q

define potential energy

A

the energy associated with the position or composition of an object

24
Q

define thermal energy

A

the type of kinetic energy associated with temperature. the motion of individual atoms or molecules in the object

25
Q

define the law of conservation of energy

A

energy can not be created nor destroyed

26
Q

kinetic energy equation

A

KE = 1/2(mv^2); m=kg, v=velocity, m/s

27
Q

What is the SI unit of energy and its equation

A

Joule (J) = 1 kg(m^2 / s^2)

28
Q

what is an isotope

A

atoms of a given element have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

29
Q

label A, Z, and X

A

A= Mass number, Z= Atomic number, X= chemical symbol

30
Q

what is a cation

A

a positively charged ion

31
Q

what is an anion

A

a negatively charged ion

32
Q

how to convert grams to moles

A

multiply grams by g/mol

33
Q

how to convert moles to atoms

A

multiply by Avogadro’s # (6.022 x 10^23 “objects”)

34
Q

what is Avogadro’s number

A

6.022 x 10^23 “objects” = 1 mole

35
Q

what are the units for molar mass

A

g/mol

36
Q

what is an ion?

A

an atom with the same number of protons and neutrons but a different number of electrons

37
Q

what is an atom’s mass number

A

the combination of its protons and neutrons

38
Q

what is the speed of light equation

A

c = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s

39
Q

Label A and B

A

A: amplitude
B: wavelength

40
Q

list these types of electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing energy: radio waves, gamma waves, visible light waves, UV waves, X rays, Microwaves, infrared

A

radio < microwave < infrared < visible < UV < X-ray < gamma

41
Q

what is the ratio of nanometers (nm) to meters (m)

A

10^9 nm = 1m

42
Q

what is c equal to in relation to frequency and wavelength

A

c = 𝝺𝝼

43
Q

what is the wavelength equation

A

𝝺 = c/𝝼

44
Q

what is the frequency equation

A

𝝼 = c/𝝺

45
Q

What are the two equations for energy?

A

E = hv ; E = h x c / 𝝺

46
Q

what is planck’s constant?

A

h = 6.626 x 10 ^ -34 J*s

Reese (10 decks)

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