Biology (remainder of material for final) Flashcards
what is the central dogma?
DNA–(transcription)–>mRNA-(translation)–>Protein (the entire transcription, translation, etc. process)
what is a codon
3 nucleotides
each mRNA has a ____ and ____ codon
start and stop
where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
the nucleus
where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?
the cytoplasm/ribosomes
what are the 3 stages of transcription?
1) Initiation
2) Elongation
3) Termination
Describe the Initiation process of tanscription
1) DNA strands are separated
2) RNA polymerase bind to the promoter and recruits transcription factors (all on template strand)
3) Transcription initiation complex (what drives transcription.. the enzymes and all the transcription factors)
4) RNA polymerase binds to promoter region of DNA sequence… adds RNA nucleotides to RNA strand
5) 5’-3’ direction
6) One DNA strand is used as the template
Start codon: ATG
Stop: TAA
what is the main enzyme that catalyzes transcription
Eukaryotes: RNA polymerase II
Prokaryotes: RNA polymerase I
what is the result of transcription
PRE-mRNA
what strand of DNA is used to make the mRNA in transciption
the template strand
What process occurs between transcription and translation
post-transcription modification/ RNA processing
What is RNA splicing and what enzymes/proteins are involved in this process
process of removing introns from mRNA… keep the exons.
enzymes that help with this process:
spliceosomes (snRPs or snRNAs):
ribozyme: RNA protein that acts as an enzyme… functions to catalyze RNA splicing
what is alternative RNA splicing
occasionally(not usually in humans), certain exons that aren’t needed are cut out and are treated as introns, giving you an overall different protein product.
what is the product of RNA processing
mature mRNA
