Chemistry Exam 3 Flashcards
define oxidation-reduction reaction (aka redox reaction)
reactions in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to the other
atoms that LOSE electrons are being ____. This reaction is ___
oxidized; oxidation
atoms that GAIN electrons are being ____. this reaction is ____
reduced; reduction
state whether 1 and 2 are oxidized or reduced
1) oxidized. 2) reduced
what does OIL RIG stand for
Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain
oxidation is a _____ in oxidation state
increase
reduction is a _____ in oxidation state
decrease
What are the 5 rules for assigning oxidation numbers
1) singular elements have an oxidation state =0 (Na->0, O2->0, H2->0).
2) Monoatomic ions have an oxidation state equal to their charge (Cl- = -1)
3) a) the sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a compound is 0 (Na^+Cl)
b) the sum of the oxidation states of all atoms in a polyatomic ion equals the charge on the ion (NO3^-, O ve=-2, 3(-2)=-6, N has -1 charge, N oxidation state must be +5)
4)a) Group 1 metals have an oxidation state of +1 in all compounds
b) Group 2 metals have oxidation state of +2 in all compounds
5) in their compounds, nonmetals shave oxidation states according to the given table
(nonmetals higher on table take priority)
solve this practice problem for oxidation states
define reducing agent
the reducing agent is the reactant that reduces an element in another reactant
define oxidizing agent
the oxidizing agent is the reactant that oxidizes an element in another reactant
solve this practice
what are the strong acids?
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HClO3
what are the 2 weak acids?
CH3COOH (Acetic Acid), HF (Hydrofluoric acid)
what are the strong bases?
NaOH, LiOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
