Functionalist

Question 1

CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
1) Low parental expectations/ lack of involvement in child’s education

Answer 1

DOUGLAS & FEINSTEIN
WC less likely to attend parents evening
Don’t help with HW or read to them
1) low skilled manual labour jobs
2) can’t get to parent evening- work long night shifts
3) don’t have ability or knowledge to help/ can’t read - illiterate

Question 2

CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
2) speech codes

Answer 2

BERNSTEIN
Restricted code WC
-simple vocab/ sentences
-slang, informal
-local dialect
Elaborated code MC
-sophisticated vocab
-complex sentences
-formal language
-RP pronunciation

Question 3

CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
3) Working Class Subcultures

Answer 3

HYMAN & SUGARMAN
self imposter barrier, Chav culture
1) fatalism vs optimism
2) present time orientation vs future time orientation
3) collectivism vs individualism
5) immediate gratification vs deferred gratification

Question 4

DOUGLAS

Answer 4

Most important factor for educational attainment was parental interest
MC show interest
-visit school to discuss progress
-want child to stay in further education
-give child greater attention in earlier years

Question 5

BERNSTEIN & YOUNG

Answer 5

Found MC mothers more likely to choose toys that encourage and support their children educationally
- books

Question 6

BELIEFS
1) education passes on society culture

Answer 6

Formal/ hidden curriculum
- passes on key core values and norms
- value consensus’s, collective conscience passed one every generation
- social solidarity is achieved
- emphasises interdependence her tween individuals in society

Question 7

BELIEFS
2) providing society with a trained and qualified workforce

Answer 7

Provides individuals with necessary skills, qualifications, talents
•FILL DIVISION OF LABOUR
This is why the curriculum is so fragmented
Dentistry degree - dentist

Question 8

BELIEFS
3) education bridges the gaps between the home and wider society
PARSONS

Answer 8

School is a society in miniature which helps to teach and prepare people for the demands and expectations of wider society
Home - ascribed status
Education- secondary socialisation exposure
Wiser society- achieved status

Question 9

Criticism of parsons

Answer 9

• armchair theorising
• no impirical research
• meritocracy undermined by statistical patterns
• everyone might not actually have an equal chance

Question 10

BELIEFS
4) role allocation & legitimisation of inequality
DAVIS & MOORE(1945)

Answer 10

• education acts as a sieve
• sorts people into roles and positions
• allocated roles- some gain higher status/ others remain lower
• INEQUALITY IS INEVITABLE

• argue it’s fair because society and educations are based on meritocratic ideals
• you get out what you put it
• meritocracy makes it fair
• fair chances/ opportunities eg revision classes

Question 11

CRITICISMS

Answer 11

• blames the victims, doesn’t acknowledge material deprivation
• deterministic model of human beings, the organisation of schools and teacher expectations
• the myth of cultural deprivation

Question 12

KEDDIE

Answer 12

Working class culture it different not deficient
MC values dominate the system

Question 13

LABOV

Answer 13

Criticises speech code accounts

Question 14

BLACKSTONE & MORTIMORE

Answer 14

Working class parents have no less interest in their child education

Question 15

DURKHEIM

Answer 15

Armchair theorising
• assumes norms and values transmitted by the educations system are this of society as a whole rather than those of the ruling elite or ruling class