Functionalism & Marxism Flashcards
Durkheim
ppl = selfish - need common V’s to promo coop & prevent anomie - used to come together thro mech sol - mems lived in small undif groups = strong ties & performed sim tasks - held together by VC - now = organic sol = div of lab so forced to interact & exchange w/ each other to provide things need
Parsons
agree w/ D need agents of soc & fam to build VC & maintain soc order - think has changed overtime - geo mobil & nuc fam - need fun prerequs - Goal Attainment, Adaption, Intergration, Latency (maintenance)
organic analogy - soc thought to func like organisam - soc instus = organs
Merton
crit P for assump all soc instus = beneficial = dsyfunction - have manifest (intended outcome w/ recog cons eg NHS provides healthcare) & latent funcs (unitended outcome & unrecog cons eg hospital w’s meet partner)
Strength
recog NBance of soc struc & understanding in soc behav & links between instus = explan for soc stability & why ppl conform to soc life rules
Weaknesses
deterministic - ignores free will - soc shapes person
metanarrative & soc change - ppl have indu v’s & = multiculturalism & tech changes so X longer applies
dsyfunction - ignores conflict
VC - ppl X passively take on N’s & V’s
conflict - ignores patri, racism & class inequality
conserv - X accepting of change - nuc fam
Marx
Historic Materialism
Soc driven by econ = 2 parts:
base - means of prod
superstructure - makes up rest of soc eg cul state edu
History of Class Society & Exploitation
earliest stage of human history = no classes, priv ownership/exploitation - everyone worked & everything = shared = primitive consumersim
but as soc developed so did class - one owns means of prod & exploit lab of others - control surplus product
Class Societies
ancient - selves exploited - legally tied to owners
feudal - serfs exploited as legally tied to owners
capitalist - based on exploitation of wage labourers
Ideology
class owns means of prod & control prod of ideas - dom ideas = RC
institus that prod & spread ideas all serve dom class by prod ideas - ideas legit existing soc order as des/inevi
foster false class conciousness in WC & sustain inequal - but as cap impovs WC see thro ideo & become aware of true position as wage slaves
Alienation
Marx believed our true nature based of capacity to create things to meet needs
= result of loss of control over labour & products & sep from true nature
alienation happens under cap bc:
1. w’s = complete sep from forces of prod - have no control
2. division of lab is intense - w’s = red to unskilled lab mindlessly repeating meaningless task
M sees relig as orig in alienation of human lab as a way to cope
Humanist Marxism
Gramsci - hegemony - ideas & values RC class uses to maintain control by convincing rule = legit = 2 ways
1. coercion using army police courts etc to force other classes to accept rule
2.
