Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder

Question 1

What bones make up the shoulder girdle?

Answer 1

Clavicle and the scapula

Question 2

What joints are in the shoulder girdle?

Answer 2

Sternoclavicular Joint (SCJ), Acromioclavicular Joint (ACJ), Scapulothoracic Joint

Question 3

What is the function of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 3

Connect the arm to the axial skeleton

Question 4

What makes up the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 4

Synovial joint between: proximal humerus, scapular

Question 5

What stabilises the shoulder?

Answer 5

Glenoid labrum (fibrocartilaginous rim), glenoid capsule, superior/middle/inferior glenohumeral ligaments, rotator cuff muscles

Question 6

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 6

Teres minor, Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus

Question 7

What are the extra-capsular ligaments that connect the scapular and the clavicle?

Answer 7

Coracoacromial, coracoclavicular ligaments

Question 8

In the space between the acromion and the head of the humerus what is found?

Answer 8

Subacromial Bursa - Rotator Cuff Tendons - Capsule - Long Head of Biceps

Question 9

What is the function of the subacromial bursa

Answer 9

found where 2 body parts move against one another and there is no joint to reduce the friction

Question 10

What muscles allow abduction?

Answer 10

0°-15° Supraspinatus. 15°-90° Deltoid. >90° Upper Trapezius, Serratus Anterior

Question 11

What muscles allow adduction?

Answer 11

Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major

Question 12

What muscles allow flexion?

Answer 12

Anterior Fibres Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii

Question 13

What muscles allow extension?

Answer 13

Deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major

Question 14

What muscles allow internal rotation?

Answer 14

Subscapularis, teres major, pect major, lattisimus dorsi

Question 15

What muscles allow external rotation?

Answer 15

Infraspinatus, teres minor

Question 16

What is the difference between a static and dynamic stabiliser?

Answer 16

Static = doesn’t move - comprise the vacuum effect, labrum, capsule and bone. Dynamic = muscle that gives stability

Question 17

What are the muscles of the shoulder?

Answer 17

Intrinsic = SITS - supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
Teres major, deltoid

Extrisic = superfical: lats, traps. Deep: rhomboid major, minor, levator scapulaa