Functional Anatomy - Muscle Tissue

Question 1

Characteristics of Fast Twitch 2B

Answer 1

Performance Conditions: Purely anaerobic
Colour: White
Myoglobin content: Low
Capillary density: Low
Fibre diameter: Large
Contraction speed: High
Force capacity: High
Fatigue resistance: Low
Force exerted: Great force, short period of time.

Question 2

Characteristics of Fast Twitch 2A

Answer 2

Performance conditions: Partially aerobic
Colour: White
Myoglobin content: Medium
Capillary density: Medium
Fibre diameter: Intermediate
Contraction speed: Moderate
Force capacity: Intermediate
Fatigue resistance: Medium/Low
Force exerted: Great force, short period of time.

Question 3

Characteristics of Slow Twitch 1

Answer 3

Performance conditions: Aerobic
Colour: Red
Myoglobin content: High
Capillary density: High
Fibre diameter: Small
Contraction speed: Slow
Force capacity: Low
Fatigue resistance: High
Force exerted: Small, over a long period of time.

Question 4

Skeletal Muscles

Answer 4

• Move the body
• Voluntary nerve impulses
• Extremely powerful
• Attached to skeleton

Question 5

Smooth Muscles

Answer 5

• Involuntary movements
• Digestive, respiratory and vascular systems
• Far less powerful
• Can contract almost indefinitely with little signs of fatigue

Question 6

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 6

• Only occurs at heart
• Middle ground between smooth and skeletal muscles
• Can contract without exhaustion for entire human life

Question 7

Characteristics of Fusiform Muscle

Answer 7

• Longer, weaker contractions
• Fibres run parallel to tendon
• Eg. Biceps Brachii

Question 8

Characteristics of Penniform unipennate muscles

Answer 8

• Fibres arranged on one side of tendon at angle to tendon

- Eg. Semimembranosis

Question 9

Characteristics of Penniform Bipennate muscles

Answer 9

• Fibres branch out to both sides of tendon

- Eg. Rectus femoris

Question 10

Characteristics of Penniform Multipennate muscles

Answer 10

• Fibres branch out in network, forming broader muscles.

- Eg. Deltoid

Question 11

Muscle Contractibility

Answer 11

• Where muscle cells react to a stimulus by shortening their length.
• Individual fibres activated by brain
• More fibres activated, the stronger and faster the movement.
• Must activate all muscle fibres available to train and get stronger.

Question 12

Extendibility

Answer 12

• The ability for a muscle to stretch once force is applied

Question 13

Elasticity

Answer 13

• The ability of a muscle to return to its original form after contraction.

Question 14

Tendon

Answer 14

• A flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

Question 15

Ligament

Answer 15

• A tough band of connective tissue that connects various structures such as two bones.