Exercise Physiology - Components of Fitness

Question 1

Components of Fitness:

Answer 1

• Cardio-respiratory fitness
• Muscular strength
• Power
• Flexibility
• Body Composition
• Agility
• Balance
• Coordination
• Reaction time
• Speed

Question 2

Cardio-respiratory fitness

Answer 2

• Aerobic fitness
• The efficiency at which the cardiac and respiratory systems deliver nutrients and oxygen to the body.
• Efficiency of removal of waste
  Benefits of a trained cardio-vascular system:
  
  • improved efficiency of heart
  • increased stroke volume
  • increased plasma volume
  • increase volume of haemoglobin
  • increased capillarisation of muscles

Question 3

Muscle Strength:

Answer 3

• the ability of a muscle to produce force

Question 4

Factors that affect muscle strength:

Answer 4

• Age
• Sex
• Cross-sectional size
• Muscle fibre type
• Recruitment of fibres
• Joint angle
• Type of contraction
• Neural adaptations
• Training

Question 5

Muscular endurance:

Answer 5

• The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain force production over an extended period of time.

Question 6

Factors that affect muscular endurance:

Answer 6

• Age
• Sex
• Temperature
• Muscle capillarisation

Question 7

Power:

Answer 7

• Speed at which we perform a task
• Combination of the amount of force produced and the rate of production.
• Power = force x distance / time

Question 8

Flexibility:

Answer 8

• Range of motion around a joint

- Different joints have varying amounts of flexibility

Question 9

Factors that influence flexibility:

Answer 9

• Joint structure
• Age
• Sex
• Body temperature
• Structure surrounding joints
• Joint damage

Question 10

Body Composition:

Answer 10

• Refers to various proportions of bone, muscle and adipose tissue in the body.
• Number of ways it can be assessed:
  
  • BMI
  • Skinfold measuring
  • Body fat scales
  • Somatotype

Question 11

Somatotype:

Answer 11

• Endomorph = a lot of adipose tissue
• Mesomorph = a lot of muscle tissue
• Ectomorph = a slender frame

Question 12

Agility:

Answer 12

• Combination of balance, speed, flexibility, strength and coordination.
• Ability to change directions quickly when required

Question 13

Balance:

Answer 13

• Split into static or dynamic balance:
  
  • Static = stationary
  • Dynamic = moving
• Body’s ability to remain in the desired state or position

Question 14

Coordination:

Answer 14

• Ability of an individual to perform tasks accurately and smoothly.
• Many parts make up a coordinated movement:
  
  • the senses of balance, sight, hearing and feel
  • muscle contraction, movement and feedback
  • joint movement and feedback
• Development of coordination starts at young age

Question 15

Reaction time:

Answer 15

• Time elapsed between a stimulus and response

Question 16

Speed:

Answer 16

• The quickness of movement
• Technique plays a large role in the development of speed
• Genetic potential is the main contributor.