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PTA Exam Study Guides > Functional Anatomy Final > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy Final Flashcards

1
Q

What does ventral mean?

A

pertaining to the belly or anterior

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2
Q

What does caudal mean?

A

tail or closer to the feel

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3
Q

Hip extension takes place in what plane and along what axis?

A

sagittal and along a frontal axis

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4
Q

What bony structure is at the end of long bones?

A

epiphysis

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5
Q

The main shaft of the bone is called what?

A

diaphysis (made of mostly compact bone for strength)

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6
Q

On bones what serves as the attachment point for ligaments and tendons?

A

Periosteum

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7
Q

What is an example of a synarthrosis joint?

A

Bones in the skull (no motion)

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8
Q

What is an example of a syndesmosis joint?

A

distal tibiofibular (slightly moveable)

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9
Q

Example of a gomphosis joint?

A

teeth in mandible (no motion)

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10
Q

What is an example of a amphiarthrosis joint?

A

symphysis pubis, vertebrae (little movement)

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11
Q

What is an example of a diarthrosis joint?

A

Hip, elbow, knee (freely moveable)

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12
Q

Give two examples of a uniaxial hinge joint:

A

Elbow and knee

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13
Q

Give two examples of a uniaxial pivot joint:

A

Atlas/axis, radius/ulna

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14
Q

Give two examples of a triaxial ball and socket joint

A

Hip and shoulder

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15
Q

Give two example s of non-axial joints

A

carpals and the SI joint

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16
Q

When you injure a ligament it is called at s…..

A

sprain

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17
Q

When you injure a muscle it is called a s…

A

strain

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18
Q

Give examples of bony end feel

A

elbow extension, radial deviation, pronation

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19
Q

Give examples of soft end feel

A

elbow flexion, hip flexion, knee flexion

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20
Q

Give examples of firm end feel

A 
All of shoulder motions
Hip extension-firm 
Hip abduction- firm
Hip internal rotation- firm
Hip external rotation- firm 
Knee extension- firm
Plantarflexion- firm
Dorsiflexion-firm
Wrist flexion- firm
Wrist extension- firm 
Wrist ulnar deviation-firm
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21
Q

How is a first class lever oriented and give an example of one in the body.

A

FAR

Example: neck flexion or neck extension

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22
Q

How is a second class lever oriented? Give an example in the body.

A

FRA

Example: plantar flexion at the ankle

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23
Q

How is a third class lever oriented? Give an example in the body.

A

AFR

Example: elbow flexion with biceps brachii

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24
Q

Which bony landmark and muscle act as a pulley in the body?

A

Lateral malleolus and the fibularis longus

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25
Q

CNS consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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26
Q

PNS consists of

A

nerves and ganglia

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27
Q

What is the thalamus responsible for?

A

relay station for body sensation. location of pain perception.

28
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

hormone function and behavior control.

29
Q

Basil ganglia is responsible for?

A

coordination and motor movement

30
Q

Automatic control over respiration and HR describes what part of the brain?

A

medulla oblangata

31
Q

Cerebellum controls what?

A

muscle coordination, tone, and posture

32
Q

The anterior sternoclavicular ligament prevents what motion?

A

It prevents posterior motion

33
Q

The costoclavicular ligament limits what motion?

A

Clavicle elevation

34
Q

The interclavicular ligament limits what motion?

A

Clavicle depression

35
Q

Which ligament forms an arch over the humerus?

A

coracoacromial ligament

36
Q

Scapular winging is characterized by what?

A

weakness of the serratus anterior, long thoracic never, (C5, C6, C7)

37
Q

What is scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

First 30 degrees of movement is GH them after that the ratio is 2 to 1 scapula movement.

38
Q 
The pec minor does not perform what action?
scap depression
scap tilt
retraction
downward rotation
A

Does not perform retraction

39
Q

What muscles are involved in reverse muscle action crutch walking?

A

Lat dorsi and pec minor

40
Q

What GH motion do you do mostly for functional activities?

A

scaption

41
Q

What is the close-packed position for the GH joint?

What is the loose-packed position for the GH joint?

A

closed-90 degrees abduction and full lateral rotation

open-55 degrees abduction 30 degreed horizontal adduction

42
Q

T or F the ulna rotates around the radius?

A

False the radius rotates around the ulna

43
Q

What is a normal carrying angle for men and women?

A

-5 degrees in men
-10-15 degrees in women
The medial trochlea is longer that the lateral capitulum

44
Q

Which of these muscles is innervated by the radial nerve?

  • Brachialis
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachioradialis
  • pec major
A

Brachioradialis

45
Q

All wrist flexor muscles originate on what bony structure?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus. All innervated by the median nerve

46
Q

All wrist extensors originate on what bony structure?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus or supracondylar ridge. innervated by the radial nerve.

47
Q

What is a colles fracture?

A

transverse fracture in the distal radius (usually foosh)

48
Q

Dorsal and palmar interossei action and are innervated by what nerve?

A

Dorsal- Finger abduction
Palmar- finger adduction
Ulnar C8, T1

49
Q

cervical plexus includes which nerves?

A

C1-C4

50
Q

Brachial plexus includes which nerves?

A

C5-T1

51
Q

Lumbar plexus includes what nerves?

A

L1-L4

52
Q

Function of the external intercostals during inspiration?

A

Elevate the ribs during inspiration

53
Q

Function of the internal intercostals during expiration?

A

Depress the ribs during expiration.

54
Q

Describe the process of inspiration:

A

The diaphragm(phrenic nerve (C3,C4, C5) contracts downward and the volume of the lungs increase which decreases the air pressure inside. Therefore, air flows into the lungs. External intercostals elevate the ribs to assist

55
Q

What TMJ muscle has an attachment point on the articular disk

A

Lateral pterygoid

56
Q

Write two informative statements about each component of stance phase:

A

initial contact- ankle is in neutral position, and the hip is in 25 degrees flexion
Loading response- during loading response, the entire foot is on the ground and the knee moves into 20 degrees flexion.
Midstance- During midstance, the body weight passes over the WB foot. the pelvis is in neutral position.
Terminal stance- the heel rises of the floor as the ankle goes from DF to PF. The leg is behind the body.
Preswing- during preswing the ankle is is plantar flexion and the ipsilateral arm is forward.

57
Q

What is a Q angle?

A

the angle between the quads and the patella

58
Q

With valgus forces acting on the knee, what ligament is likely to get injured?

A

MCL

59
Q

With varus forces acting on the knee, what ligament is likely to get injured?

A

LCL

60
Q

What is the terrible traid?

A

Simultaneous tear of the ACL, MCL, and the medial meniscus.

61
Q

What forms the medial longitudinal arch?

A

calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, and the first three metatarsals.

62
Q

What forms the lateral longitudinal arch?

A

calcaneus, cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsals

63
Q

What forms the transverse arch?

A

Cuboid, and all three cuneiforms

64
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral muscle group of the ankle?

A

superficial peroneal nerve

65
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior group of the lower leg

A

deep peroneal nerve

PTA Exam Study Guides (8 decks)

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