Functional Anatomy Final Flashcards
What does ventral mean?
pertaining to the belly or anterior
What does caudal mean?
tail or closer to the feel
Hip extension takes place in what plane and along what axis?
sagittal and along a frontal axis
What bony structure is at the end of long bones?
epiphysis
The main shaft of the bone is called what?
diaphysis (made of mostly compact bone for strength)
On bones what serves as the attachment point for ligaments and tendons?
Periosteum
What is an example of a synarthrosis joint?
Bones in the skull (no motion)
What is an example of a syndesmosis joint?
distal tibiofibular (slightly moveable)
Example of a gomphosis joint?
teeth in mandible (no motion)
What is an example of a amphiarthrosis joint?
symphysis pubis, vertebrae (little movement)
What is an example of a diarthrosis joint?
Hip, elbow, knee (freely moveable)
Give two examples of a uniaxial hinge joint:
Elbow and knee
Give two examples of a uniaxial pivot joint:
Atlas/axis, radius/ulna
Give two examples of a triaxial ball and socket joint
Hip and shoulder
Give two example s of non-axial joints
carpals and the SI joint
When you injure a ligament it is called at s…..
sprain
When you injure a muscle it is called a s…
strain
Give examples of bony end feel
elbow extension, radial deviation, pronation
Give examples of soft end feel
elbow flexion, hip flexion, knee flexion
Give examples of firm end feel
All of shoulder motions Hip extension-firm Hip abduction- firm Hip internal rotation- firm Hip external rotation- firm Knee extension- firm Plantarflexion- firm Dorsiflexion-firm Wrist flexion- firm Wrist extension- firm Wrist ulnar deviation-firm
How is a first class lever oriented and give an example of one in the body.
FAR
Example: neck flexion or neck extension
How is a second class lever oriented? Give an example in the body.
FRA
Example: plantar flexion at the ankle
How is a third class lever oriented? Give an example in the body.
AFR
Example: elbow flexion with biceps brachii
Which bony landmark and muscle act as a pulley in the body?
Lateral malleolus and the fibularis longus
CNS consists of
brain and spinal cord
PNS consists of
nerves and ganglia
What is the thalamus responsible for?
relay station for body sensation. location of pain perception.
What does the hypothalamus do?
hormone function and behavior control.
Basil ganglia is responsible for?
coordination and motor movement
Automatic control over respiration and HR describes what part of the brain?
medulla oblangata
Cerebellum controls what?
muscle coordination, tone, and posture
The anterior sternoclavicular ligament prevents what motion?
It prevents posterior motion
The costoclavicular ligament limits what motion?
Clavicle elevation
The interclavicular ligament limits what motion?
Clavicle depression
Which ligament forms an arch over the humerus?
coracoacromial ligament
Scapular winging is characterized by what?
weakness of the serratus anterior, long thoracic never, (C5, C6, C7)
What is scapulohumeral rhythm?
First 30 degrees of movement is GH them after that the ratio is 2 to 1 scapula movement.
The pec minor does not perform what action? scap depression scap tilt retraction downward rotation
Does not perform retraction
What muscles are involved in reverse muscle action crutch walking?
Lat dorsi and pec minor
What GH motion do you do mostly for functional activities?
scaption
What is the close-packed position for the GH joint?
What is the loose-packed position for the GH joint?
closed-90 degrees abduction and full lateral rotation
open-55 degrees abduction 30 degreed horizontal adduction
T or F the ulna rotates around the radius?
False the radius rotates around the ulna
What is a normal carrying angle for men and women?
-5 degrees in men
-10-15 degrees in women
The medial trochlea is longer that the lateral capitulum
Which of these muscles is innervated by the radial nerve?
- Brachialis
- Biceps brachii
- Brachioradialis
- pec major
Brachioradialis
All wrist flexor muscles originate on what bony structure?
Medial epicondyle of humerus. All innervated by the median nerve
All wrist extensors originate on what bony structure?
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus or supracondylar ridge. innervated by the radial nerve.
What is a colles fracture?
transverse fracture in the distal radius (usually foosh)
Dorsal and palmar interossei action and are innervated by what nerve?
Dorsal- Finger abduction
Palmar- finger adduction
Ulnar C8, T1
cervical plexus includes which nerves?
C1-C4
Brachial plexus includes which nerves?
C5-T1
Lumbar plexus includes what nerves?
L1-L4
Function of the external intercostals during inspiration?
Elevate the ribs during inspiration
Function of the internal intercostals during expiration?
Depress the ribs during expiration.
Describe the process of inspiration:
The diaphragm(phrenic nerve (C3,C4, C5) contracts downward and the volume of the lungs increase which decreases the air pressure inside. Therefore, air flows into the lungs. External intercostals elevate the ribs to assist
What TMJ muscle has an attachment point on the articular disk
Lateral pterygoid
Write two informative statements about each component of stance phase:
initial contact- ankle is in neutral position, and the hip is in 25 degrees flexion
Loading response- during loading response, the entire foot is on the ground and the knee moves into 20 degrees flexion.
Midstance- During midstance, the body weight passes over the WB foot. the pelvis is in neutral position.
Terminal stance- the heel rises of the floor as the ankle goes from DF to PF. The leg is behind the body.
Preswing- during preswing the ankle is is plantar flexion and the ipsilateral arm is forward.
What is a Q angle?
the angle between the quads and the patella
With valgus forces acting on the knee, what ligament is likely to get injured?
MCL
With varus forces acting on the knee, what ligament is likely to get injured?
LCL
What is the terrible traid?
Simultaneous tear of the ACL, MCL, and the medial meniscus.
What forms the medial longitudinal arch?
calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, and the first three metatarsals.
What forms the lateral longitudinal arch?
calcaneus, cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsals
What forms the transverse arch?
Cuboid, and all three cuneiforms
What nerve innervates the lateral muscle group of the ankle?
superficial peroneal nerve
What nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior group of the lower leg
deep peroneal nerve
