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3AB Pes > Functional Anatomy > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

Define permysium.

A

Connective tissue which connects each bundle of muscular fibers

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1
Q

Define epimysium.

A

Outer layer of muscular sheeth

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2
Q

Define fascicles.

A

A bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by the perimysium

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3
Q

Define endomysium.

A

Connective tissue that surround each individual muscle fibers

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4
Q

Define Myofibrils.

A

Small thread like strains running through each muscle fibers.

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5
Q

Muscles …. They don’t ….

A

Pull, push

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6
Q

Muscles must work in…

A

Pairs

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7
Q

What is an agonist?

A

A muscle that causes movement.

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8
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Muscle that relaxes and allows passive movements.

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9
Q

Agonist and antagonist Movement of the muscles is called…

A

Reciprocal inhibition.

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10
Q

An actin is…

A

Thin, little molecule.

Diagram: Water

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11
Q

Myosin role is to

A

Pull down actin towards centre, shorten sarcomere

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12
Q

Cross Bridges connect

A

Myosin and actin which causes muscle to contract

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13
Q

The z line…

A

Breaks up actin

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14
Q

The h zone…

A

Is where only myosin filaments are visible

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15
Q

What does the sliding filament theory explain?

A

The shortening of the sarcomre

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16
Q

Step 1 of filament theory

A

Nervous impulse

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17
Q

Step 2 of the filament Theory.

A

Calcium is released In sarcomin.

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18
Q

Step 3 of filament theory

A

Calcium comes and triggers the ATP to move.

19
Q

Step 4 of filament theory

A

ATP attaches to cross bridges

20
Q

Step 5 of filament theory

A

Break down to Adp + P

21
Q

Step 6 of filament theory

A

Energy creates movement in cross bridges

22
Q

Step 7 of filament theory

A

Cross bridge pull down on actin

23
Q

Step 8 of filament theory

A

Movement causes H zone to decrease in size.

24
Q

The strongest contraction is … And why.

A

The isometric contraction.

Because all cross bridges are engaged

25
Q

Point at which Muscle in concentric contraction is weakest.

And strongest.

A

Weakest:Start and finish
Strongest: 55%

26
Q

Eccentric contraction strongest and weakest point.

A

Strongest at start

Weakest at end.

27
Q

Force and velocity for Concentric contraction

A

Create Increase force with decrease velocity

28
Q

Force and velocity of eccentric contraction

A

Muscle can resist high force with high velocity.

29
Q

Isotonic force…

A

Changes the length of a muscle performed at a constant load.

30
Q

Explain the process that takes place in the nervous system.

A

Axon comes to axon terminal.
Axon terminal will split up and attach to multipul myofibrils.
Two messages are sent. One contract, one extend.

31
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Neurons located in the cns that protect axon and send message to muscles

32
Q

What is a cell body

A

Directs the neurons activities

33
Q

What are dendrites

A

Act as branches to pick up impulse

34
Q

What is an axon?

A

It transmits the message to the muscles and ways from the Cell body.

35
Q

What are motor and plates?

A

They attach to the muscle fibers

36
Q

What is the all or non principle?

A

Muscles will either contract 100% or not at all.

The brain will send more signals and therefor recruit more motor neurons.

37
Q

If the H zone is getting smaller it means…

A

Muscle has a concentric contraction.

38
Q

If the H zone is getting bigger…

A

it means the muscle had an eccentric contraction.

39
Q

Type 2a muscle fibre is…

A

Fast
White
Lactic acid system
Eg 800m Runner (70% fast twitch)

40
Q

Characteristics of type 2a fast twitch fibers are…

A

Fast contraction speed.
Fatigue resistance but not as much a slow twitch.
Generate greater power and force
Stimulates by large motor neurons at moderate frequency.
Some aerobic characteristics eg mitochondria and myoglobin.

41
Q

Type 2b muscle fibers are…

A

Fast
White
ATP system
Eg sprinter (80% fast twitch)

42
Q

Characteristics of a type 2b twitch fibre include.

A

Rapid contraction of speed strength and power.
High force of contraction
High capacity for Anaerobic ATP
Fatigue very quickly.
Stimulated by large motor neurons at a very high frequency.

43
Q

Type 1 muscle fibers are…

A

Slow
Red
Aerobic system
Eg endurance cyclist (80% slow twitch)

44
Q

Characteristics of type 1 twitch fibers

A

Slow contraction speed
Low force of contraction
High capacity for ATP production
Fatigue resistant
Rapid contraction for continuous
High level of aerobic characteristics eg myoglobin, mitochondria
Stimulated by small motor neurons low frequency.

45
Q

Can muscle fibers be changed

A

No, they’re hereditary and can’t be changed.

3AB Pes (8 decks)

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