Full Study Guide Flashcards

Question

What are the three main themes in literature?

Answer 1

Survival of the unfittest, the picaresque/journey, and the reversal of fortune.

Answer 2

**Requires a direct object to complete its meaning.** In other words, it transfers action to something or someone. Without a direct object, the sentence would feel incomplete. ## Footnote **Ask "What?" or "Whom?" after the verb.** She plays the piano. (Plays what? The piano.)

Answer 3

A poem of fourteen lines that uses a specific rhyme scheme.

Answer 4

A movement that took place between **1855-1900,** characterized by objective works using multiple voices. ## Footnote Gustave Flaubert – Madame Bovary (1857) A deep, detailed look at the mundane struggles and romantic disillusionment of Emma Bovary. Leo Tolstoy – Anna Karenina (1877) Explores love, family, and society with psychological depth and social realism. Mark Twain – The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885) A realistic portrayal of 19th-century American life, dialects, and racial tensions. Charles Dickens – Great Expectations (1861) Depicts social class struggles and personal growth in Victorian England. Émile Zola – Germinal (1885) A harsh, realistic look at working-class struggles and labor conditions in France.

Answer 5

Figurative descriptions commonly used in Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse narrative poetry. ## Footnote "Whale-road" → Ocean "Sky-candle" → Sun "Battle-sweat" → Blood

Answer 6

Judging the overall quality of a piece of writing, often used in standardized tests.

Answer 7

A term for a story that begins in the middle of the action. | MEDIAN- IN THE MIDDLE ## Footnote Dante’s Inferno → Begins with Dante already lost in the dark woods. Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick → Ishmael introduces himself but the story is already in motion. Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games → Starts just before the reaping, skipping Katniss’ early life.

Answer 8

The colonial period of America from 1750-1790, featuring writers like Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson.

Answer 9

An element that draws the reader’s attention to keep them reading.

Answer 10

A static character who does not change throughout the plot.

Answer 11

The octave, where an idea is often introduced.

Answer 12

A Book Pass is an engaging classroom activity where students quickly preview multiple books in a short amount of time to spark interest in reading. It works like literary "speed dating." ## Footnote Gather a variety of books (different genres, topics, or reading levels). Set a timer (2–5 minutes per book). Students read a few pages, the blurb, or flip through the book. They jot down quick impressions (Do they like it? Why/why not?). Pass the book to the next student and repeat.

Answer 13

A consistent meter in poetry and prose with 10 syllables in each line, where unstressed syllables are followed by stressed ones.

Answer 14

An instructional method for introducing students to a variety of works in a short period to encourage interest.

Answer 15

Low burlesque mocks ordinary, everyday subjects with exaggerated, crude humor. It often includes slapstick and is more vulgar. "The Three Stooges" (comedy show) or Scary movie series High burlesque mocks serious, elevated subjects (like epic poetry or classical art) with sophisticated, witty humor and satire. Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes ## Footnote Low burlesque = Crude and comedic. High burlesque = Refined and intellectual.

Answer 16

A word that is spelled the same but has a different meaning when capitalized (e.g., Turkey vs. turkey).

Answer 17

A device used in writing and visual arts where particular aspects of a subject are exaggerated for comic effect. ## Footnote An example of a caricature is a cartoon of a **politician with an oversized nose, big ears, and tiny eyes to humorously exaggerate their most prominent features.** This distorted depiction is meant to highlight and poke fun at their characteristics in an exaggerated way.

Answer 18

**1. Protagonist** main guy **2. Antagonist** Bad guy **3. Round Character** A complex, well-developed character with multiple traits and depth. Ralph Lord of the Flies **4. Flat Character** A simple, one-dimensional character with limited traits, often used to support the plot. Piggy **5. Dynamic Character** A character who changes significantly throughout the story, often due to conflict or experiences. Ebenezer Scrooge **6. Static Character** A character who does not change throughout the story. Sherlock Holmes or God in PL **7. Foil** A character who contrasts with the protagonist to highlight particular qualities or traits.Jack in Lord of the Flies – A foil to Ralph, representing savagery and the breakdown of order. **8. Confidant** A character the protagonist confides in, often used to reveal inner thoughts and emotions. Sancho Panza **9. Stock Character** A stereotypical character that represents a familiar type, often used in certain genres. Example: The "damsel in distress" or "mad scientist".

Answer 19

Grammatical pause or break in a line of poetry, typically placed somewhere within the line (not at the end). It's often used to create a rhythmic or dramatic effect. In traditional poetry, caesuras are marked by punctuation, such as a comma, period, or dash, but can also occur naturally in the rhythm of the poem. ## Footnote For example, in the line: "To be or not to be, that is the question." There is a natural pause after "to be" — this is a caesura.

Answer 20

Capitalize the first word of a document, proper nouns, titles before names, and specific course titles, among others.

Answer 21

The final action that completes the unraveling of the plot in a play, especially in a tragedy.

Answer 22

An emotional discharge that leads to moral or spiritual renewal, cleansing of emotions. ## Footnote Crying over a sad part

Answer 23

A writing organization pattern where actions and results are presented in time order.

Answer 24

A poem composed of lines from other poems, meaning '**patchwork**' in Latin. **Cuz you only have a few cents** ## Footnote "To be, or not to be, that is the question," "Hope is the thing with feathers," "Good fences make good neighbors." Each line is taken from a different work, and when placed together, it creates a new interpretation or theme.

Answer 25

Includes eye contact, visual aids, and tone.

Answer 26

A pattern where ideas are presented in the order they occurred in time.

Answer 27

A five-line poem with a specific syllable count: 2, 4, 6, 8, 2.

Answer 28

Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication. ## Footnote Example: Salinger, J.D. 'The Catcher in the Rye.' New York: Little, Brown, and Company, 1945.

Answer 29

Its like a metaphor but longer and more complex, it can be a whole poem ## Footnote It's conceded cuz it thinks its better than a metaohor, longer

Answer 30

An overused expression that has lost its original meaning or novelty.

Answer 31

Groups of related words **containing a subject and a verb,** distinguished from phrases.

Answer 32

A nonlinear method that starts with a single idea and builds upon it to reveal patterns. ## Footnote Its basically a mind map, you stem off from the main thing

Answer 33

Words that are related and share the same origin or root. ## Footnote "The English word 'universe' is a cognate with the French word 'univers,' both derived from the Latin word 'universum.'"

Answer 34

A semicolon joins independent clauses without conjunctions, while a colon introduces lists or explanations.

Answer 35

Includes journal, letter, essay, speech, blog, etc.

Answer 36

Activating prior knowledge, modeling metacognitive practices, and active reading.

Answer 37

A visual representation of relationships between concepts and ideas, often hierarchical.

Answer 38

Concrete poems, also known as shape or visual poetry, arrange words on the page to form a shape or image that relates to the poem's subject, emphasizing visual presentation over linguistic meaning

Answer 39

A process of discussing a piece of writing to assess strengths and weaknesses and set goals.

Answer 40

Includes physical, social, internal/psychological, and metaphysical conflicts.

Answer 41

**Subordinating conjunctions ( because, although, if, when, while, since, unless, as)**make one clause dependent on the other **Coordinating conjunctions** connect equal clauses or ideas. FANBOYS **Correlative Conjunctions** Always come in pairs, working together to link equal parts of a sentence. 2 words

Answer 42

Pairs of words that link balanced words, phrases, or clauses, such as 'either/or' and 'not only/but also.'

Answer 43

An implied meaning of a word apart from its explicit description, carrying cultural and emotional associations.

Answer 44

Like a rhyme but only using constantents. Doesn't have to be at just the end ## Footnote "The lumpy, bumpy road." In this example, the repetition of the "m" and "b" sounds creates consonance.

Answer 45

A word that can **mean its own opposite** ## Footnote **Turn off the lights and the firealarm went off.** Sanction means **approved** they sanctioned the policy or santion like they sanctioned the prisioners bby restricting privilages **(punish)** "Off" can also mean something started or activated (e.g., "The fire alarm went off."), meaning it began or triggered. **Contranyms are also known as auto-antonyms or Janus words.**

Answer 46

A dialogue-based form of literature that **reads as a play** but is **not intended for performance.**

Answer 47

A pair of successive lines of verse, especially those that rhyme and are of the same length.

Answer 48

A stable natural language developed from the mixing of parent languages. ## Footnote Fushion of two languages Kurdish and arabic

Answer 49

A metrical foot consisting of one long and two short syllables or of one stressed and two unstressed syllables ## Footnote A stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables. The words “poetry” and “Basketball” are both dactylic.

Answer 50

Literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings

Answer 51

Resolution of the issue of a complicated plot in fiction, often found in the Epilogue ## Footnote Last part its the resoultion

Answer 52

A variation of a language characteristic of a particular group of the language’s speakers

Answer 53

A style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or writer

Answer 54

The practice of learning about a writing form by **dissecting it and investigating its parts**

Answer 55

Discourse refers to a system of knowledge, language, and practices that shape and regulate how people understand and interpret the world. Foucault viewed discourse not just as communication or conversation, but as a **set of rules, norms, and practices that determine what is considered true or acceptable in a society at any given time.** ## Footnote the**boss's speech** contributes to a discourse that governs workplace behavior a**nd reinforces the social structure of power between employees and employers**. It's not just about what is said, but **how it shapes your perception of your role and place within the organization.**

Answer 56

* Exposition textbook, manuals * narration * description-natural science text * argument -politican

Answer 57

* Writing time * Modeling- senetnce frames of structure * Ownership- let them pick the topic * Conferencing- give feedback * Revising- going in and fixing non linear * Postwriting/publishing

Answer 58

What happened as a result ## Footnote Because it rained, we stayed inside. It rained- cause (why did it happen) we stayed inside- effect (what happend)

Answer 59

To produce a change in something

Answer 60

Coordination and subordination

Answer 61

A type of lyric poem which laments the loss of something or someone

Answer 62

fancy lit-nerd way of saying edit. ## Footnote Edit = everyday fix Emendation = elite literary fix

Answer 63

Use of a line of poetry whose sense and rhythmic movement continues to the next line

Answer 64

A short poem with a twist, often a quick, satirical twist at the end **(if a tweet and a poem had a baby)** “Sorry I’m late, I didn’t want to come.” 😎 epigram = short, savage, and stylish. Perfect for sounding smart and sassy at the same time. 🖊️🔥 ## Footnote (by Oscar Wilde): "I can resist everything except temptation."

Answer 65

Moment where a character achieves realization or awareness

Answer 66

Chapter at the end of a literary work which concludes the work

Answer 67

The study of the history and origin of words

Answer 68

A novel that uses documents/letters to advance plots

Answer 69

Individual existence, freedom, and choice

Answer 70

Exhortation (noun) – fancy word for a passionate pep talk. 😤💬 It's when someone strongly encourages or urges others to do something. Think of it like a motivational speech, but with a little extra fire under it. 🔥

Answer 71

Literary device used to introduce background information about events, settings, characters, etc.

Answer 72

Allows teachers to make a limited number of copies of copyrighted works for classroom use

Answer 73

When two or more parts of a sentence are equivalent in meaning but not parallel in form ## Footnote I like dancing, singing, and writing.

Answer 74

Occurs when the subject and verb do not make sense together

Answer 75

A figure of speech is a creative way of using language to make writing or speaking more expressive, vivid, or impactful. Instead of using words in their literal sense, figures of speech add flavor and flair by comparing, exaggerating, or twisting meanings. ## Footnote Simile – comparing two things using like or as Ex: She’s as bright as the sun. Metaphor – direct comparison without like/as Ex: Time is a thief. Personification – giving human traits to non-humans Ex: The wind whispered secrets. Hyperbole – dramatic exaggeration Ex: I’ve told you a million times! Irony – saying the opposite of what you mean Ex: Oh great, another pop quiz!

Answer 76

To assign a level of difficulty to a text based on syllable and sentence length

Answer 77

* Activating prior knowledge * Examining new vocabulary in context * Providing opportunities for practice

Answer 78

An incomplete sentence that lacks a main clause

Answer 79

One in which the main story organizes a series of shorter stories

Answer 80

Poetry that is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms

Answer 81

Literary device that gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story

Answer 82

Assessments aimed at monitoring student learning to provide ongoing feedback

Answer 83

A verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun

Answer 84

Helps with proper construction of sentences and proper use of words

Answer 85

* Descriptive grammar * Comparative grammar * Functional grammar

Answer 86

Visual tools that guide learners’ thinking and enhance understanding of subject matter content

Answer 87

Concerned about the distortion and transgression of boundaries, often fitting between the real and the fantastic

Answer 88

The flaw in character which leads to the downfall of the protagonist in a tragedy

Answer 89

A flowering of African American cultural and intellectual life during the years 1920 to 1940

Answer 90

An impressionistic method that evaluates writing as a whole rather than focusing on individual aspects

Answer 91

Words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings and spellings

Answer 92

Words that have the same pronunciation and spelling but different meanings

Answer 93

Words that have the same spelling but different meanings

Answer 94

They enhance understanding and support the central idea

Answer 95

Exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis

Answer 96

* Selecting age-appropriate topics * Facilitating appropriate discussion behavior * Ensuring accountability

Answer 97

A grammatical error involving the use of different tenses within the same context

Answer 98

An organizational method ensuring sufficient supporting details in essays and paragraphs

Answer 99

Literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed for emphasis

Answer 100

A tool used to document what students know, want to know, and what they learned

Answer 101

Critical-creative thinking, which involves judging fact from opinion

Answer 102

A five-line poem with a rhyme scheme of aabba

Answer 103

The formal study of the structures and processes of a language

Answer 104

* Characterization * Setting * Tone * Plot structure * Mood

Answer 105

* Reader-response * Feminist criticism

Answer 106

Attacking an opponent's character instead of their argument

Answer 107

A literary theory that emphasizes the reader's role in interpreting texts. ## Footnote This theory suggests that meaning is created through the interaction between the reader and the text.

Answer 108

A literary criticism that seeks to understand literature through the lens of gender dynamics and women's experiences. ## Footnote It often highlights the ways in which literature reflects or challenges patriarchal structures.

Answer 109

A logical fallacy that attacks a person's character instead of addressing their argument. ## Footnote Latin for 'to the man.'

Answer 110

An emotional appeal that targets positive or negative concepts rather than addressing the real issue. ## Footnote It often plays on the audience's emotions.

Answer 111

Using double meanings or ambiguities of language to mislead or misrepresent the truth.

Answer 112

Using personal experience or isolated examples instead of valid arguments, especially to dismiss statistics.

Answer 113

Arguing that a lack of evidence for something proves its existence or nonexistence. ## Footnote Example: 'We don’t have evidence that God doesn’t exist, therefore he must exist.'

Answer 114

A fallacy where the arguer claims to know everyone's beliefs or knowledge. ## Footnote Example: 'Everyone knows that.'

Answer 115

Relying on faith as the basis for an argument, which does not rest on logic or evidence.

Answer 116

Arguing that something is valid or justified simply because it is 'natural.'

Answer 117

Arguing that something is valid simply because it has been traditionally practiced.

Answer 118

Using the opinion of an authority figure instead of actual evidence to support an argument.

Answer 119

Concluding a belief is true or false based on whether it leads to desirable or undesirable consequences.

Answer 120

Manipulating emotional responses instead of providing valid arguments.

Answer 121

Arguing that a belief must be true to avoid undesirable consequences.

Answer 122

An argument based on an appeal to fear or a threat.

Answer 123

A misleading argument that relies on people's ignorance.

Answer 124

An argument aimed at swaying popular support by appealing to emotions rather than facts.

Answer 125

Arguing that something is true simply because many people believe it.

Answer 126

A circular argument where the conclusion is included in the premise.

Answer 127

Presenting two alternatives as the only possibilities when more exist.

Answer 128

Shifting the burden of proof to the person opposing a claim rather than on the one making the claim.

Answer 129

Restating the argument instead of proving it.

Answer 130

Assuming what is true for one part must be true for the whole.

Answer 131

Focusing on evidence that supports existing beliefs while ignoring evidence that contradicts them.

Answer 132

Invalidly assuming that correlation implies causation.

Answer 133

Assuming that a claim is wrong simply because it was poorly argued.

Answer 134

Judging something based on its origin rather than its current meaning or context.

Answer 135

A statement that omits essential facts to deceive.

Answer 136

Conclusions drawn from insufficient or biased evidence.

Answer 137

Questions that contain an assumption that makes it difficult to answer without appearing guilty.

Answer 138

Arguing that a compromise between two extremes is the truth.

Answer 139

Comparing minor misdeeds with major atrocities.

Answer 140

An inference that does not logically follow from the premises.

Answer 141

Dismissing relevant criticisms by excluding specific cases without an objective rule.

Answer 142

Claiming something is false simply because it is difficult to understand.

Answer 143

Assuming that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second.

Answer 144

Challenging opponents to prove a claim does not exist when one cannot provide evidence for their own claim.

Answer 145

A diversionary tactic that avoids addressing the key issues.

Answer 146

Treating an abstract belief as if it represents a concrete event.

Answer 147

Asserting that allowing one action will lead to a series of negative consequences.

Answer 148

Creating exceptions to a claim when it is shown to be false.

Answer 149

Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.

Answer 150

Cherry-picking data to fit a presumption.

Answer 151

Responding to criticism by turning it back on the accuser.

Answer 152

Confusing a word with the concept it represents.

Answer 153

A short poem that expresses personal feelings. ## Footnote Commonly associated with Shakespearean sonnets.

Answer 154

A literary genre or style associated especially with Latin America that incorporates fantastic or mythical elements into otherwise realistic fiction ## Footnote Describes events realistically but within a magical haze of local customs and beliefs.

Answer 155

An act or habit of misusing words ridiculously, especially by the confusion of words that are similar in sound ## Footnote Examples include: 'Lead the way and we’ll precede' and 'I am not under the affluence of alcohol.'

Answer 156

A teaching method where a draft of writing is displayed, suggestions are solicited from the class, and individual help is offered with revising ## Footnote Involves commenting on suggestions and applying one to the piece.

Answer 157

A form of satire that is indirect and nonrealistic in approach, consisting of a loosely organized narrative incorporating dialogues between various points of view ## Footnote It allows the reader to see the world through the eyes of another character.

Answer 158

Words, phrases, or clauses that provide description in sentences ## Footnote Includes adjectives, adverb clauses, participial phrases, and more.

Answer 159

The smallest meaningful units of language, with inflectional morphemes used only as suffixes.

Answer 160

An exaggerated reality that lends itself to symbolism, allegory, and surrealism ## Footnote Means implicit in objects, people, or events become more luminous than in everyday life.

Answer 161

A record of events written by a person having intimate knowledge of them, based on personal observation ## Footnote An autobiographical account of one's life and experiences.

Answer 162

A figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else closely associated with it.

Answer 163

An object or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work ## Footnote A motif can be an image, sound, or action that contributes to the development of a theme.

Answer 164

A figure of speech that makes an implicit comparison between two dissimilar things based on common characteristics.

Answer 165

Methods include: * Expert opinion * Generalization * Testimonial

Answer 166

A visual form of note-taking that offers an overview of a topic and its complex information, encouraging expansion from a central idea.

Answer 167

A satirical imitation or burlesque of the heroic manner or style ## Footnote It imitates the style of heroic poetry to satirize an unheroic subject.

Answer 168

A prolonged talk or discourse by a single speaker, often dominating a conversation ## Footnote Can also refer to any composition in which a single person speaks alone.

Answer 169

The study of the structure of words.

Answer 170

A literary movement based on the belief that human beings do not have a soul apart from their physical existence, emphasizing the darker side of life.

Answer 171

Stages include: * Prelinguistic * Holophrastic * Two-word * Telegraphic * Intermediate development * Adult

Answer 172

Types include: * Common * Proper * Concrete * Abstract * Collective * Compound * Non-countable * Gender-specific * Verbal nouns * Gerunds

Answer 173

A short narrative, generally between 50 and 100 pages long.

Answer 174

A word that imitates the natural sounds of a thing, creating sound effects that mimic the description.

Answer 175

Information is presented from the least important to the most important, or vice versa ## Footnote Also known as hierarchical or chain of command.

Answer 176

The relationship between spelling and pronunciation.

Answer 177

A figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect, such as 'jumbo shrimp.'

Answer 178

Also called hyperbole; a type of verbal irony where the speaker exaggerates beyond what they mean.

Answer 179

A statement that appears self-contradictory but may contain a latent truth.

Answer 180

Includes: * Verbs * Nouns * Pronouns * Adverbs * Adjectives * Prepositions * Conjunctions * Interjections * Articles * Determiners

Answer 181

The use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar, adding balance and rhythm.

Answer 182

Using the form or style of another author, generally in tribute.

Answer 183

The concluding part of a speech, intended to inspire enthusiasm in the audience.

Answer 184

A voice or assumed role of a character that represents the thoughts of a writer or a specific person.

Answer 185

A figure of speech where a thing, idea, or animal is given human attributes.

Answer 186

The study of sounds of language and their physical properties.

Answer 187

The analysis of how sounds function in a language or dialect.

Answer 188

A type of fiction dealing with the episodic adventures of a usually roguish protagonist.

Answer 189

A simplified language that develops as a means of communication between groups without a common language.

Answer 190

Events that make up a story, typically structured as exposition, conflict, climax, falling action, and resolution.

Answer 191

Includes: * Rhyme scheme * Rhythm * Figurative language

Answer 192

Strategies include: * Studying high-frequency words * Analyzing patterns of organization and syntax.

Answer 193

The role of context in the interpretation of meaning and mastering the rules for social language.

Answer 194

A movement that sought to bring sensuality back into poetry through lush vowel sounds and sensuous descriptions.

Answer 195

Words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence.

Answer 196

An approach encouraging students to communicate their written messages while developing their literary skills.

Answer 197

The grammatical rule that a pronoun must agree in number and gender with its antecedent.

Answer 198

The study of the elements of poetry, including rhyme, rhythm, meter, and stanza form.

Answer 199

Includes: * Comma * Period * Question mark * Semi-colon * Exclamation point * Apostrophe * Colon * Quotation marks * Dash * Parenthesis * Brackets * Hyphen

Answer 200

A type of stanza or complete poem consisting of four lines.

Answer 201

Strategies include: * Making predictions * Making connections * Summarizing

Answer 202

A literary theory focusing on the reader's interpretation of written works.

Answer 203

The selection of the most trustworthy evidence on which to base a text after researching all possible material.

Answer 204

A method where dialogue occurs between students and the teacher, with participants taking turns assuming the role of the teacher.

Answer 205

The repetition of a line or phrase at the end of several stanzas of a poem.

Answer 206

A word or phrase used by a population in a particular region.

Answer 207

A memory device for checking specific details: * Reason * Examples * Names * Numbers * Senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch)

Answer 208

The pattern of rhymes in a poem, including types such as internal rhyme and slant rhyme.

Answer 209

Uses one syllable words to give the feeling of strength or to add impact

Answer 210

More likely to use two or more syllables, giving a feeling of softness and lightness

Answer 211

Meter composed of unaccented-unaccented-accented feet, often used in light or whimsical poetry

Answer 212

A stanza of seven 10-syllable lines (iambic pentameter), rhyming ABABBCC, popularized by Chaucer

Answer 213

Novels using characters based on real people and events, often for satire or social commentary

Answer 214

A 15 line poem made up of three stanzas, each line having 8-10 syllables

Answer 215

To speak bitterly; literal meaning differs from the speaker's intent, often mocking

Answer 216

Describing rhythms of poetry by dividing lines into feet and marking stressed and unstressed syllables

Answer 217

Technique to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption using humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule

Answer 218

Descriptive scoring schemes developed by evaluators to guide analysis of student efforts

Answer 219

They monitor language skills by applying grammar understanding to edit and structure sentences

Answer 220

An instructional method that includes building background knowledge and supporting independent use of strategies

Answer 221

The study of linguistic meaning and the relationship between words and what they stand for

Answer 222

* Simple: one independent clause * Compound: two or more independent clauses * Complex: one independent clause and at least one dependent clause * Compound-Complex: two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause

Answer 223

Describes organization relating to space, using words like 'next to' and 'adjacent'

Answer 224

A device in drama revealing a character's innermost thoughts, often used for character revelation

Answer 225

A stanza or poem of six lines

Answer 226

Occurs when an adverb is placed between 'to' and the verb

Answer 227

A form of accentual meter with a fixed number of stressed syllables in a line

Answer 228

A fixed verse form with nine lines: eight in iambic pentameter, one in iambic hexameter, rhyme scheme ABABBCBCC

Answer 229

* Pre-writing stage * Writing stage/Drafting stage * Revising Stage * Editing Stage * Publishing Stage * Evaluating stage

Answer 230

Includes cognitive, expressive and receptive parts; acquisition-learning hypothesis involves two systems

Answer 231

A character quickly recognized by readers, requiring no development by the writer

Answer 232

A rhythmic system of two or more lines repeated as a unit; synonymous with 'stanza'

Answer 233

A narrative method portraying the flow of thoughts in characters' minds

Answer 234

Evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit against standards, often high stakes

Answer 235

A device with multiple layers of meaning, representing concepts beyond its literal sense

Answer 236

The arrangement of words within a sentence

Answer 237

Use of a single word in two different senses simultaneously

Answer 238

A device where a part represents the whole or vice versa

Answer 239

* Sit in a circle * Break into smaller groups * Allow pauses for participation

Answer 240

* Present tense * Past tense * Future tense * Present perfect * Past perfect * Future perfect

Answer 241

A verse form of iambic tercets with an interlocking rhyme scheme, often ending in a couplet

Answer 242

Starts with larger structures and analyzes smaller components of language

Answer 243

Students are taught individual letter sounds first, then combinations and rules

Answer 244

A line with 5 trochaic feet, or stresses

Answer 245

* Transitive * Intransitive * Linking * Auxiliary

Answer 246

A brainstorming tool providing structure for ideas and facts in writing

Answer 247

* Enhance clarity * Address grammar weaknesses * Develop supports * Provide supplemental lessons

Answer 248

Students are immersed in written language and encouraged to decode entire words using context clues

Answer 249

* Personal Writing * Workplace Writing * Subject Writing * Creative Writing * Persuasive/Argumentative Writing * Scholarly Writing

Answer 250

An opportunity for students to try various genres, focusing on the writing process with teacher support

Answer 251

Writing down all one can remember from a text to assess understanding

Answer 252

A figure of speech where a word applies to multiple nouns, blending different ideas

Answer 253

A category meant to describe the writing style, technique, tone, length, and content of certain literary forms.

Answer 254

Defining characteristics of major forms within each primary literature genre.

Answer 255

A story written to be performed by actors in front of an audience, including stage directions.

Answer 256

Acts and scenes.

Answer 257

Depicts the downfall of a basically good person through a fatal error, producing suffering and insight.

Answer 258

A dynamic contest between two opposing forces, highlighting a collision of rights.

Answer 259

A form of medieval drama.

Answer 260

A medieval drama where characters portray moral qualities or abstractions.

Answer 261

A deliberate presentation of events that usually have a happy ending.

Answer 262

Used to describe personal misfortunes that end in death and sadness.

Answer 263

A genre that blends elements of tragedy and comedy.

Answer 264

A person who writes plays.

Answer 265

Typically features ghosts, castles, and curses, with elements of forbidden romance.

Answer 266

Written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.

Answer 267

A brief fictional narrative.

Answer 268

A narrative that uses symbolic figures and actions to convey a deeper meaning.

Answer 269

A lengthy narrative poem, often detailing heroic deeds.

Answer 270

A narrative poem that tells a story, often featuring themes of love and murder.

Answer 271

Composed by later poets to tell stories.

Answer 272

Poems that evoke emotion, often accompanied by music.

Answer 273

A story in song that reaches back to oral tradition.

Answer 274

A ballad printed on cheap paper with lurid illustrations.

Answer 275

A literary work that idealizes rural life and landscapes.

Answer 276

A letter or literary composition in the form of a letter.

Answer 277

A short piece of writing on a particular subject.

Answer 278

Symbolic tales that explain natural phenomena and cultural beliefs.

Answer 279

A narrative focusing on love, adventure, and relationships.

Answer 280

A succinct fictional story featuring personified animals that illustrates a moral lesson.

Answer 281

Imaginative awareness of experience expressed through rhythmic language choices.

Answer 282

A 14 line poem.

Answer 283

A narrative of human actions perceived to take place within human history.

Answer 284

A mournful poem, often lamenting the loss of a person.

Answer 285

A type of emotional song-like poetry.

Answer 286

Poetry that explores complex ideas and emotions through elaborate metaphors.

Answer 287

Stories based around a partially historical situation or set in a historical period.

Answer 288

Stories about science and technology, often set in the future or in space.

Answer 289

Contains elements that are not realistic, such as magical powers.

Answer 290

Stories that take place in modern times with believable events.

Answer 291

Informational writing that is factual.

Answer 292

Includes beliefs, myths, and tales of a people, marked by oral tradition.

Answer 293

A magic story with undefined time and place, featuring character transformation.

Answer 294

A hero story with exaggerated characters and events, often humorous.

Answer 295

An archetypical Anglo-Saxon literary work composed around 700 AD.

Answer 296

A medieval romance focusing on the quest of a single knight.

Answer 297

The clash between Nigeria's colonial government and traditional Igbo culture.

Answer 298

* The struggle between change and tradition * Varying interpretations of masculinity * Language as a sign of cultural difference

Answer 299

A play that follows two men waiting for someone named Godot.

Answer 300

A dystopian novel about a future society where books are outlawed.

Answer 301

The struggles of a young woman for autonomy against oppression.

Answer 302

It satirizes Western ethnography and imperialism.

Answer 303

Wuthering Heights ## Footnote First published in 1847, it depicts passionate love and cruelty.

Answer 304

Gothic tradition ## Footnote Features supernatural encounters, crumbling ruins, and grotesque imagery.

Answer 305

Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff

Answer 306

Passion ## Footnote Nature and crazy weather symbolize the tumultuous emotions of the characters.

Answer 307

Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Answer 308

Regarded as the national poet of Scotland ## Footnote Wrote in Scots, English, and 'light Scots'.

Answer 309

Life is meaningless, nothing matters

Answer 310

Conflict between images of themselves as 'civilized' Europeans and the temptation to abandon morality

Answer 311

The 1757 surrender of Fort William Henry to the French

Answer 312

Overcoming cowardice in battle

Answer 313

Fractured syntax ## Footnote Creates visual interest and emphasizes meaning.

Answer 314

Allegory of temptation and salvation

Answer 315

Parody; comedy, romance, morality novel

Answer 316

Daniel Defoe

Answer 317

* Plight of the weak * Importance of equality in marriage * Death of wealth and class

Answer 318

Slant rhyme

Answer 319

The psychological drama of guilt and morality

Answer 320

Self-educated slave and abolitionist

Answer 321

Honest representation through accurate detail and social commentary

Answer 322

Maggie Tulliver's choices between suitors and family duty

Answer 323

Modern poem, elegiac in form

Answer 324

The need to avoid conformity and follow one's own instincts

Answer 325

Stream-of-consciousness

Answer 326

The downfall of the Compson family

Answer 327

Henry Fielding ## Footnote Published in 1749, the novel tells the story of an orphan traveling across England.

Answer 328

'This Side of Paradise' was Fitzgerald’s first novel, published in 1920 ## Footnote It takes place during the Roaring Twenties and explores themes of love and ambition.

Answer 329

* The decline of the American Dream in the 1920s * The hollowness of the Upper Class * Geography and Weather ## Footnote The novel reflects the complexities of wealth and social status.

Answer 330

It reveals Daisy’s character and the social environment that undervalues women's intelligence ## Footnote Spoken in Chapter 1, it highlights the expectations of women in her society.

Answer 331

It focuses on Emma Bovary, a woman trapped in a dull marriage who seeks fulfillment through affairs ## Footnote The novel is a critique of bourgeois society and ends with Emma’s tragic suicide.

Answer 332

The novel is told using a series of flashbacks in non-chronological order ## Footnote It chronicles the tragedy of seemingly perfect marriages just before WW1.

Answer 333

It explores the complexities of British colonial rule in India and cultural misunderstandings ## Footnote The novel addresses themes of race, culture, and friendship.

Answer 334

It is an autobiographical account of Anne Frank's life during the Holocaust ## Footnote The diary chronicles her experiences from 1942 to 1944.

Answer 335

It chronicles a woman's descent into madness due to oppressive treatment for her mental health ## Footnote The story critiques the treatment of women and mental illness in the 19th century.

Answer 336

Faust makes a wager with the devil Mephistopheles to gain higher knowledge and experiences ## Footnote The narrative explores themes of ambition, despair, and morality.

Answer 337

It depicts the struggle between the civilizing instinct and the savage instinct in humanity ## Footnote The story follows boys stranded on an island who descend into savagery.

Answer 338

It refers to any absurd arrangement that puts a person in a double bind ## Footnote The term originates from an army regulation regarding mental fitness for combat.

Answer 339

Set in the Depression-era South ## Footnote The novel deals with serious issues of rape and racial inequality.

Answer 340

It explores Janie Crawford’s journey to self-discovery and empowerment ## Footnote The novel critiques traditional gender roles and relationships.

Answer 341

A dystopian society where happiness is achieved through the absence of personal freedoms ## Footnote The novel critiques technological advancement and societal control.

Answer 342

A man's transformation into a bug and the resulting alienation from his family ## Footnote The novella raises questions about identity and social isolation.

Answer 343

It presents competing views on politics and culture before and after WW1 ## Footnote Mann's political views evolved after experiencing the war.

Answer 344

Bartleby represents passive resistance and the struggle against societal expectations ## Footnote His famous line, 'I would prefer not to,' encapsulates his rejection of conventional work.

Answer 345

17th century Puritan Boston ## Footnote The novel follows Hester Prynne's struggles with sin and societal judgment.

Answer 346

He produces a large volume of high quality work.

Answer 347

I would prefer not to.

Answer 348

He eventually ceases all work and does nothing.

Answer 349

It mirrors Bartleby’s own strange inaction.

Answer 350

Bartleby is forcibly removed and imprisoned at The Tombs.

Answer 351

He bribes a turnkey.

Answer 352

He dies of starvation, having chosen not to eat.

Answer 353

He worked in a dead letter office and lost his job.

Answer 354

They are emblems of a man’s morality and the failures of his best intentions.

Answer 355

He could be having a mental illness or depression.

Answer 356

The adventures of Ishmael and his voyage on the whale ship Pequod, commanded by Captain Ahab.

Answer 357

His desire for revenge against the white sperm whale that destroyed his boat and bit off his leg.

Answer 358

Stylized language, symbolism, and metaphor.

Answer 359

The McCarthy anti-Communist 'witch hunts' of the early 1950s.

Answer 360

Elizabeth Proctor.

Answer 361

He is accused of witchcraft and is killed.

Answer 362

The powers of memory and history for former slaves.

Answer 363

She murdered her daughter to save her from a life of slavery.

Answer 364

A history lost to forced silences and willed forgetfulness.

Answer 365

Communism.

Answer 366

Person vs. nature conflict.

Answer 367

The Restoration Period of English Literature.

Answer 368

A young woman's struggle with mental illness.

Answer 369

Edgar Allan Poe.

Answer 370

French modernist.

Answer 371

Themes of love and insecurity.

Answer 372

Themes of teenage confusion, angst, alienation, and rebellion.

Answer 373

Hamlet seeks revenge against his uncle Claudius for murdering his father.

Answer 374

Unchecked ambition, cruelty and masculinity, kingship vs. tyranny.

Answer 375

Her ambition and subsequent madness.

Answer 376

The British class system and women's independence.

Answer 377

The struggles of a veteran returning to a poverty-stricken reservation.

Answer 378

Battle fatigue (shell shock) ## Footnote Tayo is haunted by memories of his cousin Rocky who died during the Bataan Death March.

Answer 379

Old Grandma and mixed-blood Navajo shaman Betonie ## Footnote They conduct ceremonies that help Tayo understand his place as a Laguna man.

Answer 380

A Soviet labor camp in the 1950s

Answer 381

When an individual's moral duty conflicts with the laws of the state

Answer 382

The struggles of a poor family of sharecroppers during the Great Depression ## Footnote The novel addresses drought, economic hardship, and changes in the agriculture industry.

Answer 383

Bram Stoker

Answer 384

The life of a slave sold from Kentucky and his experiences ## Footnote The novel contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War and was written in response to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.

Answer 385

Stream of consciousness format

Answer 386

Cultural differences between mother and daughter and a symbol of a mother’s love ## Footnote The pendant's meaning changes as Jing-mei's relationship with her mother evolves.

Answer 387

The folly of optimism ## Footnote Voltaire critiques the belief that suffering is for the best and calls for tolerance and hard work.

Answer 388

Billy Pilgrim

Answer 389

Racism, poverty, and black oppression ## Footnote The book expresses society's guilt regarding the main character's life circumstances.

Answer 390

1820-1860s

Answer 391

Murders a white woman and confesses to his crime

Answer 392

Romantic Period

Answer 393

A Trojan destined to found Rome, undergoing trials during his journey ## Footnote He ultimately defeats Turnus and avenges Pallas.

Answer 394

Hypocrisy, jealousy, faith, fidelity, and society ## Footnote The novel explores the consequences of an affair and its impact on family.

Answer 395

Struggles with the past, future, and family dynamics

Answer 396

Romantic Period

Answer 397

Gothic novel

Answer 398

Rejection of conventional society and exploration of spirituality and personal freedom

Answer 399

Walt Whitman

Answer 400

Ethan's struggles with his unfulfilling marriage and his love for Mattie Silver ## Footnote The story ends tragically with both characters left crippled.

Answer 401

The impact of economic hardship on families

Answer 402

A break from traditional forms and a focus on new perspectives ## Footnote It is often associated with themes of disillusionment and fragmentation.

Answer 403

The passing of the Stamp Act in England

Answer 404

Focus on the influence of environment and heredity on human behavior

Answer 405

Robert Louis Stevenson

Answer 406

Rape, sisterhood, and personal growth

Answer 407

A philosophical movement emphasizing individual existence and freedom ## Footnote It has been prominent since 1850 to the present day.

Answer 408

Russia during the Napoleonic Wars

Answer 409

The absurdity of optimism

Answer 410

The struggle for communication and understanding between Chinese mothers and their American-born daughters

Answer 411

He represents Tayo's traumatic memories from the war

Answer 412

The importance of self-reliance and simplicity

Answer 413

Begins with the passing of the Stamp Act in England and ends in 1790

Answer 414

Writings that are politically motivated, either in support of British rule, American patriotism, independence, or relating to the constitution

Answer 415

1820-1860s

Answer 416

A multifaceted movement in music, painting, and literature that originated in Germany and Britain, reacting against rationalism and materialism

Answer 417

The primacy of the imagination over rational understanding and its transformative power

Answer 418

Oh Captain, My Captain!

Answer 419

The arrival of the modernist movement in the early 20th century, characterized by experimental forms and questioning absolute knowledge

Answer 420

* Einstein * Max Planck (quantum theory) * Freud * Marx

Answer 421

Presentation of surface appearance in an unembellished way, representing usual or typical experiences

Answer 422

* Gustave Flaubert * George Eliot * Fyodor Dostoevsky * Leo Tolstoy

Answer 423

Devotion to anti-traditional literature and anti-establishment politics

Answer 424

20th century

Answer 425

* Element of surprise * Unexpected juxtapositions * Non sequitur

Answer 426

Paris in the 1920s

Answer 427

Writers such as St Augustine, Tertullian, Saint Cyprian, Saint Ambrose, and Saint Jerome

Answer 428

200 BCE-500 CE

Answer 429

* Ovid * Horace * Virgil * Marcus Aurelius * Lucretius * Cicero * Quintilian

Answer 430

Written in Spanish, French, or English with no indigenous tradition, but includes African expressions

Answer 431

800-200 BCE

Answer 432

* Aesop * Plato * Socrates * Aristotle * Euripides * Sophocles

Answer 433

Dates from 1200-800 BCE, part of the oral tradition, including Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey