FSE Exam Practice Q's and A's

Question 1

Empirically, which of the following bacteria is most susceptible to penicillin G? (1 mark)

Pasteurella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, E. coli

Answer 1

• streptococcus; doesn’t share plasmids and has not evolved resistance

Question 2

Name an antibiotic with zero milk withholding period; is it effective in treating Streptococcal mastitis? (2 marks)

Answer 2

• ceftiofur
• yes is effective

Question 3

Why should dry cow intra-mammary antibiotics NOT be used in lactating cows? (1 mark)

Answer 3

milk WHP is 49 days

Question 4

Why is penicillin G ineffective in the treatment of pneumonia in cattle? (1 mark)

Answer 4

caused by gram -ve bacterium pasteurella/or cattle have built up resistance

Question 5

Name an antibiotic which may become toxic after the use by date. (1 mark)

Answer 5

tetracyclines

Question 6

Name an antibiotic which can be safely used in all Australian wildlife species, as long as the animal is mature/adult? (1 mark)

Answer 6

Enrofloxacin (Baytril)

Question 7

List 3 potential NON-gastrointestinal side-effects of NSAID therapy (3 marks)

Answer 7

1. Aletered platelet function
2. (renal) Kidney failure
3. hepatic issues
4. cardiovascular issues (hypertension)

Question 8

What section of the gastrointestinal tract is most susceptible to phenylbutazone-associated ulceration in the equine? Explain why. (2 marks)

Answer 8

colon

causes extreme swelling and thickening = colic

blocks (inhibits) PGL production -these assist blood flow to GIT and assist with production of protective stomach mucus

Question 9

A cat and dog are both given a single dose (on a mg/kg basis) of a NSAID. Would the duration of action in the cat be less than, the same, or greater than in the dog? (1 mark)

Answer 9

Interspecies variation of metabolism (??)

Question 10

Name a NSAID registered for use in cattle. (1 mark)

Answer 10

Flunixin

Question 11

Name the disease most commonly treated for with NSAIDs in the dog (1 mark)

Answer 11

osteo arthritis

Question 12

Briefly explain why the effects of NSAID’s may persist longer than would be predicted from the plasma concentration-time curve. (2 marks)

Answer 12

• NSAIDs are negatively charges and when enters circulation, adheres to albumin in blood and is released slowly, if NSAID is administrated IV works well at site of injury in the acute phase.
• NSAIDs love albumin and blood has loads of albumin
• when the NSAID enters the circulation whether via IV or orally it goes systemic.
• It binds to albumin from anywhere between 90 and 99% leaving a very small amount free.
• Equilibrium rules that when the liver knocks out the percentage of the free drug more drug of equal value gets released from albumin.
• As soon as NSAID binds to COX then more albumin will be released then the pattern of equilibrium continues.
• Hence a constant flux away from albumin.

Question 13

Is prednisolone or dexamethasone the more potent corticosteroid? (1 mark)

Answer 13

dexamethasone

Question 14

List 3 diseases which are treated with corticosteroids. (3 marks)

Answer 14

1. Crohn’s Disease
2. Acute asthma
3. chronic active hepatitis
4. rheumatoid arthritis
5. atopic dermatitis

Question 15

Draw a simple diagram of the inflammatory cascade, illustrating the MOA of NSAIDs and corticosteroids. (4 marks)

Answer 15

Question 16

Discuss the many possible side-effects associated with chronic corticosteroid therapy. (10 marks)

Answer 16

• Common (days - weeks)
  Polyuria/polydipsia
  mood change
  weight change
  HPA suppression
• Sporadic (days-weeks)
  peptic ulcers (< mucosal blood flow)
• Common (months - years)
  obesity
  hair loss
  HPA suppression
  hypertension
• sporadic
  cataracts (from high glucose levels)