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ASC306 > Anti inflammatories I > Flashcards

Anti inflammatories I Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean by Analgesia?

A
  • Inability to feel pain
  • Medication that acts to relieve pain
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2
Q

Which type of drugs act on the brain?

A

Opiods.

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3
Q

A few examples of opiods?

A
  • Morphine
  • Ketamine
  • Alpha-2 agonists
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4
Q

What medications stop the pain signal being transmitted from the PNS to the CNS?

A

Local Anaesthetics

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5
Q

What medications reduce the inflammation that is causing the pain?

A

Corticosteriods and Non-Steroidal Anti- Inflmmatories

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6
Q

What does inflammation mean?

A

The body’s response to an insult

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7
Q

What is the most common insult to the body?

(*insult refer to slide 6, couldnt think of better word)

A

Disruption of cell membrane integrity, where membrane phospholipids are exposed to enzymatic attack.

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8
Q

Review of Inflamation 3

What happens in the acute transient phase?

A

Local vasodilation and increased capillay permeability.

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9
Q

Review of Inflammation 3

What happens in the delayed, subacute phase?

A

Infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear leucocytes. Phagocytosis.

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10
Q

Review of Inflammation 3

What happens in the chronic prolifeartive phase?

A

Tissue degeneration and fibrosis

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11
Q

Review of Inflammation 2

Study diagram.

A
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12
Q

Review Inflammation 1-3

*Diagram

A
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13
Q

What is Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) ?

A

Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of prostanoids.

Inhibited by NSAIDS

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14
Q

COX-1 …

A
  • Constitutive
  • Always working to produce house-keeping products with numerous protective roles
  • In blood vessells, GIT mucosa and kidney
  • PGE2, PGI2
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15
Q

COX-2 …

A
  • Induced
  • Induced after an insult, (trauma etc) to produce the mediators of inflammation, pain and pyrexia
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16
Q

Most NSAIDS inhibit COX2 over COX1, T or F?

A

True

17
Q

Why inhibit COX2 over COX1?

A

Reducing the side effects and sparing goodCOX1

18
Q

How does a drug know the difference between a COX2 and COX1?

A

Cox2 is a little wider and and this can be taken advantage of. Drug can enter Cox2 easily and get to site of COX selective binding.

19
Q

Is paracetomol an NSAID?

A

Technically yes, but is inactivated by the peroxides of inflammation.

20
Q

How does paracetomol work?

A
  • Interferes with endoperoxide intermediates produced from Arachidonic Acid conversion.
  • High peroxide concentrations in inflammatory lesions which may inactivated paracetomol
  • Only works in the brain or where inflamm is mild
21
Q

NSAID Side Effects

GIT Tract

A
  • Erosion, ulceration, haemorraghe
22
Q

NSAID Side Effects

Altered Platlet Function

A
  • A net increase in platlet aggregation potentially causing abnormal bleeding
23
Q

NSAID Side Effects

Kidney

A
  • Water Retention > hypertension
  • Decreased renal blood flow leading to interstital papillary necrosis and nephritis
24
Q

NSAIDS are highly _ bound?

A

Protein bound, grater than 90% and some approaching 99% bound

25
Q

What are NSAIDS usually given for?

A

Analgesia

  • surgery
  • trauma
  • arthiritis

Anti-Inflammatory

  • many ‘itis’ (often used inappropiately) ag arthiritis, colitis, neuritis etc
26
Q

Why are there no NSAIDS for sheep

A

coz they fags

27
Q

What two Fatty Acids are available?

A
  • DHA; Omega-3
  • EPA; Omega-3
28
Q

What are FAs mechanism of action?

A
  • Competitive Inhibition
  • Provide alternate substrate for phospholipase to target
  • New products are generally less inflammatory, inactive and sometimes anti inflamm
  • Clinically used for arthiritis, allergic skin conditions
29
Q

Review of Inflammation 3

During what phases are NSAIDS most effective?

A

acute and subacute phasers

30
Q

The predominant MOA of NSAIDS is?

A

inhibition of cyclo-oxyegnase (COX)

31
Q

Name some commonly used small animal NSAIDS

A
  • meloxicam
  • firocoxib
  • ketoprofen
32
Q

Name some commonly used large animal NSAIDS

A
  • Phenylbutazone “BUTE”
  • tolfenamic acid
33
Q

What is cartilage?

A

a matrix produced by chondrocytes comprised of proteoglycans, collagen and water with side chains of glycosaminoglycans (eg chondroitin) attached to the proteoglycan by hyaluronic acid

34
Q

Name some medications for cartilage health

A
  • glucosamine
  • chondroitin sulphate
  • green-lipped mussel
  • shark cartilage
  • hyaluronan
  • polysulfated glycosaminglycans

ASC306 (14 decks)

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