Anti inflammatories I

Question 1

What does it mean by Analgesia?

Answer 1

• Inability to feel pain
• Medication that acts to relieve pain

Question 2

Which type of drugs act on the brain?

Answer 2

Opiods.

Question 3

A few examples of opiods?

Answer 3

• Morphine
• Ketamine
• Alpha-2 agonists

Question 4

What medications stop the pain signal being transmitted from the PNS to the CNS?

Answer 4

Local Anaesthetics

Question 5

What medications reduce the inflammation that is causing the pain?

Answer 5

Corticosteriods and Non-Steroidal Anti- Inflmmatories

Question 6

What does inflammation mean?

Answer 6

The body’s response to an insult

Question 7

What is the most common insult to the body?

(*insult refer to slide 6, couldnt think of better word)

Answer 7

Disruption of cell membrane integrity, where membrane phospholipids are exposed to enzymatic attack.

Question 8

Review of Inflamation 3

What happens in the acute transient phase?

Answer 8

Local vasodilation and increased capillay permeability.

Question 9

Review of Inflammation 3

What happens in the delayed, subacute phase?

Answer 9

Infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear leucocytes. Phagocytosis.

Question 10

Review of Inflammation 3

What happens in the chronic prolifeartive phase?

Answer 10

Tissue degeneration and fibrosis

Question 11

Review of Inflammation 2

Study diagram.

Answer 11

Question 12

Review Inflammation 1-3

*Diagram

Answer 12

Question 13

What is Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) ?

Answer 13

Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of prostanoids.

Inhibited by NSAIDS

Question 14

COX-1 …

Answer 14

• Constitutive
• Always working to produce house-keeping products with numerous protective roles
• In blood vessells, GIT mucosa and kidney
• PGE2, PGI2

Question 15

COX-2 …

Answer 15

• Induced
• Induced after an insult, (trauma etc) to produce the mediators of inflammation, pain and pyrexia

Question 16

Most NSAIDS inhibit COX2 over COX1, T or F?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Why inhibit COX2 over COX1?

Answer 17

Reducing the side effects and sparing goodCOX1

Question 18

How does a drug know the difference between a COX2 and COX1?

Answer 18

Cox2 is a little wider and and this can be taken advantage of. Drug can enter Cox2 easily and get to site of COX selective binding.

Question 19

Is paracetomol an NSAID?

Answer 19

Technically yes, but is inactivated by the peroxides of inflammation.

Question 20

How does paracetomol work?

Answer 20

• Interferes with endoperoxide intermediates produced from Arachidonic Acid conversion.
• High peroxide concentrations in inflammatory lesions which may inactivated paracetomol
• Only works in the brain or where inflamm is mild

Question 21

NSAID Side Effects

GIT Tract

Answer 21

• Erosion, ulceration, haemorraghe

Question 22

NSAID Side Effects

Altered Platlet Function

Answer 22

• A net increase in platlet aggregation potentially causing abnormal bleeding

Question 23

NSAID Side Effects

Kidney

Answer 23

• Water Retention > hypertension
• Decreased renal blood flow leading to interstital papillary necrosis and nephritis

Question 24

NSAIDS are highly _ bound?

Answer 24

Protein bound, grater than 90% and some approaching 99% bound

Question 25

What are NSAIDS usually given for?

Answer 25

**Analgesia** * surgery * trauma * arthiritis **Anti-Inflammatory** * many 'itis' (often used inappropiately) ag arthiritis, colitis, neuritis etc

Question 26

Why are there no NSAIDS for sheep

Answer 26

coz they fags

Question 27

What two Fatty Acids are available?

Answer 27

* DHA; Omega-3 * EPA; Omega-3

Question 28

What are FAs mechanism of action?

Answer 28

* Competitive Inhibition * Provide alternate substrate for phospholipase to target * New products are generally less inflammatory, inactive and sometimes anti inflamm * Clinically used for arthiritis, allergic skin conditions

Question 29

**_Review of Inflammation 3_** During what phases are NSAIDS most effective?

Answer 29

acute and subacute phasers

Question 30

The predominant MOA of NSAIDS is?

Answer 30

inhibition of cyclo-oxyegnase (COX)

Question 31

Name some commonly used small animal NSAIDS

Answer 31

* meloxicam * firocoxib * ketoprofen

Question 32

Name some commonly used large animal NSAIDS

Answer 32

* Phenylbutazone "BUTE" * tolfenamic acid

Question 33

What is cartilage?

Answer 33

a matrix produced by chondrocytes comprised of proteoglycans, collagen and water with side chains of glycosaminoglycans (eg chondroitin) attached to the proteoglycan by hyaluronic acid

Question 34

Name some medications for cartilage health

Answer 34

* glucosamine * chondroitin sulphate * green-lipped mussel * shark cartilage * hyaluronan * polysulfated glycosaminglycans