Fruit And Vegetables Flashcards
How many portions of fruit and veg should eat a day and what does it look like?
We should eat 5 portions. A portion is about a handful (80g)
What is an examples of a soft Berry
Blueberry
What is an example of a citrus fruit
Orange
What is an example of a tropical fruit
Mango
Give an example of a stoned fruit
Cherry
Give an example of a dried fruit
Raisin
Give an example of a nut
Peanut
Give an example of a root vegetable
Carrot
Describe a root vegetable
Usually a long or round shaped taproot
Give an example of a bulb vegetable
Garlic
Onion
Describe a bulb vegetable
Grown below surface of the ground. Clustered segments or layers
Give an example of a stem vegetable
Asparagus
Celery
Describe a stem vegetable
The edible stalks of plants when the stalk is the main part of the vegetable
Give an example of seeds and pods
Sweetcorn
Describe seeds and pods
Grow in pots which are eaten with the seeds
Give an example of a leafy vegetable
Lettuce
Cabbage
Describe leafy vegetables
The edible leaves of some plants
Give an example of tubers
Potatoes
Describe tubers
Vegetables that grow underground
Give an example of flowerhead vegetables
Broccoli
Cauliflower
Describe the flowerhead vegetables
The edible flowers of some vegetable
Give an example of fungi
Mushrooms
Give an example of vegetables fruits
Cucumber
Tomato
Describe vegetable Fruits
Fleshy and contain seeds
What fraction of our diet should be fruit and vegetables?
One third
What option is good to keep optimum nutritional value and prevent waste?
Frozen fruit and vegetables
Why is it important to get a variation of fruit and vegetables in our diet
Because different fruit and vegetables have a range of vitamins and minerals which are important to keep our body functioning the way it should
What does Polly polyphenol oxidase do to fruit and vegetables
Causes brown pigment to develop also known as enzymic browning
Enzymatic browning is common in which fruits?
Apricots, apples, bananas and grapes
Enzymic browning is common in which vegetables?
Potatoes, lettuce and aubergines
What reaction occurs when a fruit or vegetable is cut into and oxygen has access to the inside of the fruit or vegetable?
Enzymic browning
Give three ways to prevent enzymic browning
- Placing the fruit or vegetable in the water and salt- salt is a preservative
- Covering in acid for example Lemon juice or vinegar-it has an alkaline affect when used with vinegar which delays oxidation
- Place in water and vitamin C tablet-crushed vitamin see tablets contain high levels of citric acid which can prevent or delay oxidation of fruit and vegetables and Enzymic browning
Give some examples of ways you can process fruit or vegetables
Pre-prepared fresh Canned, bottled or tinned Frozen Dried Juiced
Give reasons for processing fruit or vegetables
Convenience
Year round availability
Increased shelf life
Preference
Give examples of primary processing
Picking Cleaning Sorting Transporting Grading Weighing Refrigerating
What is the definition of primary processing
The conversion of raw materials into food commodities. The physical form changes very little.
Give examples of secondary processing
Chopping Boiling Baking Mixing Freezing Canning Drying Cooking
What is the definition of secondary processing
Converting primary processed food into other foods. Turns primary processed food into other food products either on the own or mixed with other ingredient. The physical form can change quite significantly.
What does preservation mean
A process of treating or handling food that slows down the spoilage or loss of quality of food, and extends the time or shelflife when it can be eaten safely
Describe spoilage
Food going ‘off’; they include the food going brown or black, wrinkly, mushy ect. It is an increase in bacteria or fungi
You four signs that a food might be going bad
Wrinkly
Slimy
Smelly
Difference in taste
Why and when my preservation be useful
Increases the shelf life (keeps longer before you use it)
Use where a glut food, so none goes to waste eg. Around harvest time eg. Apples, pears, onions, beans, berries, herbs
In green fruit and vegetables what is present that makes it that colour
Chlorophyll
What affect does cooking have on green fruit and vegetables
Colour and some nutritional value is lost
If chlorophyll is present in a fruit or vegetable what colour will it be
Green
If a green fruit or vegetable is acidic what kind of green will it be
Dull, olive green
If a green fruit or vegetable is alkaline what type of green will it be
Bright green
In yellow and orange fruit and vegetables what is present to make them that colour
Carotenoids
What affect does cooking have on yellow and orange fruit and vegetables
no affect
If carotenoids are present in a fruit or vegetable what colour will it be
Yellow or orange
What water soluble pigments my fruit and vegetables red or blue
Anthocyanins
How do you anthocyanins react to a neutral pH
It will make the fruit or vegetable purple
How do anthocyanins react to an acidic pH
It will turn the fruit or vegetable red
How do anthocyanins react to alkaline pH
The fruit or vegetable will turn blue
What affect does cooking have on red or blue fruit and vegetables
They’re very soluble in water so colour is lost easily
What is produced during photosynthesis
Glucose and oxygen
What is needed for photosynthesis to take place
Carbon dioxide, water and light energy
What is the first stage of photosynthesis
Plant uses water CO2 and energy from the light
What is the second stage of photosynthesis
Starch (glucose) production. This is converted to starch
What is the third stage of photosynthesis
Fruit ripens. Glucose (starch) is converted into sugars-sucrose
What is the fourth stage of photosynthesis
Fruit ripens further. Sucrose is converted to fructose.
What fruit or vegetables can you bake
Potatoes
Apples
What safety precautions do we need to take when baking fruit and vegetables
Poke a hole in the skin so the fruit or vegetable doesn’t explode
Fruit or vegetables can we boil
We can boil most popular ones are potatoes, carrots, broccoli and sweetcorn
What do we need to be careful when boiling green vegetables
Boil green vegetables as little as possible to prevent colour, are you there and nutritional value loss
How can we prevent green to balls from losing nutritional value when boiling
Add the fruit or vegetable into boiling water instead of cold water
Plunge in cold water after boiling
What vegetables can be braised
Many root vegetables such as carrots and parsnips
What vegetables can we fry
Any vegetable (in butter or oil) but popular vegetables to fry are peppers, beansprouts and onions
Why do we grill fruit and vegetables
To char them which adds flavour and changes the appearance
What do we need to do prior to roasting fruit or vegetables
We need to par boil them
What fruit and vegetables can be roasted
Most vegetables can be roasted but potatoes, carrots and parsnips are popular
What is the healthiest way to cook fruit and vegetables
Steaming
Fruits can be…
Dried Canned Frozen Made into juice or jam Glace Crystallised Candied
What type of fruit is high in vitamin C?
Citrus fruit
eg. Lemon, Orange, Lime, Grapefruit.
