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Italy - Northern > Friuli-Venezia Giulia > Flashcards

Friuli-Venezia Giulia Flashcards

1
Q

Mario Schiopetto

A
  • Introduced modern white winemaking in Friuli
  • Controlled cold fermentation in stainless steel, coupled with region’s moderate temperatures, led to Friulian crisp, clean style for quick consumption
  • Refined through the years with non-invasive practices like gravity flow and minimized use of sulfur, yet critics contend that winemaking has become too clean - even clinitical
  • Continuous experimentation, whites may be blended, barrel-fermented and aged, lush rather than lean
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2
Q

Friuli

Most prized soil

A

Ponca

  • Marl, sandstone, marine fossils
  • High pH, cool temperature results in high acidity
  • Prone to landslides
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3
Q

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

2 mountain ranges

A
  • Julien Alps - East, separates FVG from Slovenia
  • Carnic Alps - North, separates FVG from Austria
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4
Q

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Eastern mountain range bordering Slovenia

A

Julian Alps

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5
Q

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Mountain range on northern border with Austria

A

Carnic Alps

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6
Q

Friuli

Major white grapes

A
  • Friuliano (Tai), Ribolla Gialla, Malvasia Istriana
  • Pinot Bianco, Pinot Grigio, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
  • Sweet Wines: Picolit, Verduzzo Gialla
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7
Q

Friulano

Synonym

A

Sauvignonasse (Sauvignon Vert)

  • Similar to grassy Sauvignon Blanc, but unrelated
  • Fatter, lower acid
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8
Q

Friuli

Major red grapes

A
  • Refosco, Schioppetino, Pignolo
  • Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon
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9
Q

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Most planted grape

A

Merlot

  • Although recognized for many of the white wines from the region
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10
Q

Schiopettino is the black variant of white grape?

A

Ribolla Gialla

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11
Q

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

International grapes often bottled varietally in Friuli

A
  • Pinot Bianco, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc (Sauvignon)
  • Also wealth of native grapes
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12
Q

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

4 DOCGs

A
  • Colli Orientali del Friuli-Picolit DOCG
  • Ramandolo DOCG
  • Lison DOCG (shared with Veneto)
  • Rosazzo DOCG
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13
Q

Friuli-Venezia-Giulia

2 DOCGs for sweet passito wines

A
  • Colli Orientali del Friuli-Picolit DOCG
    • ​Min 85% Picolit (max 15% other whites of Friuli exc. Gewürztraminer)
    • Cialla - 100% Picolit
  • Ramandolo DOCG (est 1970, modified 2006; min 14% alc.)
    • ​100% Verduzzo Gialla
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14
Q

What region of Italy is Ramandolo DOCG located within?

A

Friuli

  • Ramandolo est 2001
  • Sweet white; picked late, may even receive extra drying
  • Verduzzo grape
  • copper, deep yellow, herbal, full bodied, slightly tannic, not too sweet
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15
Q

Ramandolo DOCG

Grape

A
  • 100% Verduzzo Gialla (Verduzzo Friulano)
  • Min 14% alc
  • DOCG est 1970, revised 2001
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16
Q

Rosazzo DOCG

A
  • Former subzone of Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC; dedicated to Friulano-based dry whites
  • 50% Friulano, 20-30% Sauvignon Blanc, 20-30% Pinot Bianco/Chardonnay, plus
  • Must be released by April 1st of the 2nd year following the harvest
  • Created in the image of Livio Felluga’s Terre Alte: 50% Friulano, 25% Pinot Bianco, 25% Sauvignon, aged in botti
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17
Q

Rosazzo DOCG

Main grape

A
  • Min. 50% Friulano (Tai)
  • 20-30% Sauvignon Blanc
  • 20-30% Pinot Bianco and/or Chardonnay
  • Max. 10% Ribolla
  • Max. 5% other white varieties suitable for cultivation in Udine
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18
Q

DOCG shared between Veneto and Friuli

A

Lison DOCG

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19
Q

Lison DOCG

Main grape

A
  • Min 85% Tai (Friulano)
  • Max 15% other non-aromatic white grapes suitable for Venice, Trevisio, Pordenone
  • DOCG est 2010
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20
Q

Friuli-Venezia-Giulia

3 most important DOCs

A
  • Collio Goriziano DOC (Collio)
  • Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC
  • Grave del Friuli DOC - 52% of acreage, mostly bulk wine
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21
Q

Difference in aging between:

  • Colli Orientali del Friuli-Picolit
  • Cialla
  • Cialla Riserva
A
  • 1 year - basic DOCG
  • 2 years - Cialla
  • 4 years - Cialla Riserva
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22
Q

Collio and Colli Orientali

Attributes ideal for white grapes

A

High altitude combined with limestone, sandstone, and marl soils

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23
Q

Colli Orientali del Friuli-Picolit

Major subzone

A

Cialla

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24
Q

Colli Orientali del Fruili

Subzones

A
  • Cialla
    • Monopole of Ronchi di Cialla (Rapuzzi)
    • Highest elevation in the DOC
    • Ponca with limestone soils
    • Mix of varietals (all native), may be varietal wines
    • 4 years of aging for riserva
  • Refosco di Faedis
    • Northerly
    • Red wines of 85% Refosco Nostrano
  • Pignolo di Rosazzo
    • 100% Pignolo
  • Ribolla Gialla di Rosazzo
    • 100% Ribolla Gialla
  • Schioppettino di Prepotto
    • 100% Schioppettino
    • Released 9/1, 2nd year after harvest, 4th year for riserva
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25
Q

Collio

3 unofficial subzones

A
  • Oslavia
    • Eastern
    • High elevation 180M
    • Famous for Ribolla Gialla
  • Cormons
    • Lowest, Warmest
    • Divided by Monte Quarin, splits area into northern and southern zones
  • Dolegna
    • Coolest, Wettest
    • Aromatic white grapes
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26
Q

Collio

Differences among Dolegna, Cormons, and Oslavia

A
  • Dolegna del Collio
    • coolest, wettest
    • 50-90 m, closest proximity to the mountains
    • swept by Tramontona winds
  • Cormons
    • ​lowest, warmest
    • Monte Quarin - one of Collio’s first hills, rises to 275 m, divides vineyards and climate into (cool) northern and (warm) southern sectors
  • Oslavaia
    • easternmost
    • highest elevations, 180 m above sea level
    • sunniest, dry winds from Adriatic and Slovenia
    • harvests are typically later than other areas in the COC
    • Ribolla Gialla = signature grape
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27
Q

Albarello Modificato

A
  • Training system in Friuli to combat rot
  • 2 cordons, 3 canes, 1 bud per cane
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28
Q

Carso

Location and major soil type

A

Carso

  • Thin peninsula between Slovenia and the ocean, surrounding Trieste
  • Soils: very thin terra rossa over hard limestone
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29
Q

Gravner

Location

A

Oslavia

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30
Q

Josko Gravner

Innovations

A
  • 1973: Pneumatic press, stainless steel
  • 1980’s: Barrique
  • 1996: Orange wine
  • Experimentation with skin contact began because the 1996 vintage was nearly destroyed by hail; Gravner ran trials with what little was left
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31
Q

Gravner

Process of white wine production

A
  • Fermented in amphorae with long maceration (with stems in good years), 6-10 punchdowns per day
  • Pressed, then returned to amphorae 5 mo
    • Amphorae left with headspace during fermentation, then topped off
  • Aged in large oak 6 yrs
  • Unfined and unfiltered, sulphur at bottling for stability
32
Q

Gravner: Wines

A
  • Breg
    • Chard, SB, PG, Riesling; Last/current vintage 2007?
  • Ribolla Gialla
    • Current vintage 2007
  • Rosso Gravner
    • Merlot, Cab Sauv; 4 years in barrel; Last vintage 2004
  • Rosso Breg
    • Pignolo; 4 years in barrel, 6 years in bottle; Current vintage 2004
  • Rujno
    • Produced only in best years from Merlot; 4 years barrel, 6 years bottle; Current release 1999
33
Q

Radikon: Lines

A
  • Radikon
    • Fermentation in 3,000L slavonian oak, 4 punchdowns per day, left unfilled
    • 3mos of post fermentation maceration on the skins, then 5 years of aging (4 in botti, 1 in bottle)
  • S
    • 2-3 weeks on the skins, aged in barrel for 1 year
    • Entry level line
34
Q

Ronchi di Cialla

Location, year est, and hallmark

A
  • Colli Orientali del Friuli, 1970, by Dina and Paolo Rapuzzi
  • Dedicated to indigenous varieties; their monopole Cialla is the only DOC in Friuli with only native grapes allowed (Picolit, Ribolla Gialla, Verduzzo Friulano; Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Schioppettino)
35
Q

Ronchi di Cialla: Wines

A

WHITE

  • Verduzzo, Ribolla Gialla, Ciallabianco, Picolit
  • Cillabianco: 60% Ribolla, 30% Verduzzo, 10% Picolit
  • Ribolla Gialla sees 3mos in stainless, the rest see 11-12mos and fermentation in barrel.

RED

  • Ribolla Nera (Schioppettino), Schioppettino, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Rosso (50/50 Schioppettino/Refosco)
  • 12-18mos in barrel for Rosso and Ribolla Nera, 14-18 for Schioppetino and Refosco
36
Q

Man behind Miani

A

Enzo Pontoni

  • Winery is tname for his mother’s maiden name
37
Q

Who produces Vintage Tunina and Capo Martino?

A

Jermann

38
Q

What attributes make Collio and Colli Orientali ideal for white grape growing?

A

High altitude combined with limestone, sandstone, and marl soils.

39
Q

What mountain range cuts divides Friuli from Slovenia?

A

The Julian Alps

40
Q

What mountain range divides Friuli from Austria?

A

The Carnic Alps

41
Q

Major white grapes of Friuli?

A

Friuliano (Tai), Ribolla Gialla, Malvasia Istriana, Pinot Bianco, Pinot Grigio, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
Picolit and Verduzzo Gialla for sweet wines.

42
Q

Major red grapes of Friuli?

A

Refosco, Schioppetino, Pignolo; Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon

43
Q

What is the most-planted grape in Friuli?

A

Merlot

44
Q

Friulano is actually what?

A

Sauvignonasse (Sauvignon Vert)
Similarly grassy, but unrelated to Sauvignon Blanc.
Fatter, lower acid.

45
Q

What is the major subzone of Colli Orientali del Friuli-Picolit?

A

Cialla

46
Q

What is the difference in the aging regimen between Colli Orientali del Friuli-Picolit and Colli Orientali del Friuli-Picolit Cialla? Cialla Riserva?

A

One year for the basic DOCG.
Two years for Cialla.
Four years for Cialla Riserva.

47
Q

Who spearheaded the Fruilian style of crisp, clean whites and modern winemaking?

A

Mario Schiopetto

48
Q

In addition to his work with amphorae, Josko Gravner is credited with introducing what to FVG?

A

barrique

49
Q

Who produces Vintage Tunina and Capo Martino?

A

Jermann

50
Q

Schiopettino is the black variant of what white grape?

A

Ribolla Gialla

51
Q

What are the two sweet wine DOCG’s of FVG?

A
  • Colli Orientali del Friuli-Picolit DOCG
  • Ramandolo DOCG
52
Q

What is the grape in Ramandolo DOCG?

A

Verduzzo Gialla

53
Q

What is Rosazzo DOCG?

A

Former subzone of Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC; dedicated to Friulano-based dry whites.
50% Friulano plus 20-30% Sauvignon Blanc and 20-30% Pinot Bianco/Chardonnay, plus
Must be released by April 1st of the second year following the harvest.
Created in the image of Livio Felluga’s Terre Alte: 50% Friulano, 25% Pinot Bianco, 25% Sauvignon, aged in botti.

54
Q

What are the subzones of Colli Orientali del Fruili?

A

Cialla - monopole of Ronchi di Cialla (Rapuzzi). Highest elevation in the DOC, Ponca with limestone soils. Mix of varietals (all native), may be varietal wines. 4 years of aging for riserva.
Refosco di Faedis - northerly, red wines of 85% Refosco Nostrano
Pignolo di Rosazzo - 100% Pignolo
Ribolla Gialla di Rosazzo - 100% Ribolla Gialla
Schioppettino di Prepotto - 100% Schioppettino, released 9/1 the second year after harvest, 4th year for riserva.

55
Q

Where is Ronchi di Cialla, when was it established, and what its its hallmark?

A

Colli Orientali del Friuli, 1970, by Dina and Paolo Rapuzzi.
Dedicated to indigenous varieties; their monopole Cialla is the only DOC in Friuli with only native grapes allowed (Picolit, Ribolla Gialla, Verduzzo Friulano; Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Schioppettino).

56
Q

Ronchi di Cialla: Wines

A

WHITE
Verduzzo, Ribolla Gialla, Ciallabianco, Picolit
Cillabianco is 60% Ribolla, 30% Verduzzo, 10% Picolit
Ribolla Gialla sees 3mos in stainless, the rest see 11-12mos and fermentation in barrel.
RED
Ribolla Nera (Schioppettino), Schioppettino, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Rosso (50/50 Schioppettino/Refosco)
12-18mos in barrel for Rosso and Ribolla Nera, 14-18 for Schioppetino and Refosco

57
Q

What DOCG is shared between the Veneto and Friuli?

A

Lison DOCG

58
Q

What are the three most important DOC’s in Friuli?

A

Collio Goriziano DOC (Collio)
Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC
Grave del Friuli DOC - 52% of acreage, mostly bulk wine

59
Q

What is Albarello Modificato?

A

A training system in Friuli to combat rot; two cordons, three canes, one bud per cane

60
Q

Name the four DOCG’s of Friuli-Venezia Giulia

A
  • Colli Orientali del Friuli-Picolit DOCG
  • Ramandolo DOCG
  • Lison DOCG
  • Rosazzo DOCG
61
Q

What is the most prized soil in Friuli?

A

Ponca
Marl, sandstone, and marine fossils
High pH, cool temperature results in high acidity
Prone to landslides

62
Q

Where is Carso, and what is the major soil type?

A

The thin peninsula between Slovenia and the ocean, surrounding Trieste.
Carso Plain
Soils are very thin terra rossa over hard limestone.

63
Q

Where is Gravner based?

A

Oslavia

64
Q

What innovations is Josko Gravner reponsible for?

A

1973: pneumatic press, stainless steel
1980’s: barrique
1996: orange wine

Experimentation with skin contact began because the 1996 vintage was nearly destroyed by hail; Gravner ran trials with what little was left.

65
Q

How does Gravner make his whites?

A

Fermented in amphorae with long maceration (with stems in good years), 6-10 punchdowns per day, then returned to amphorae for 5mos after press and aged in large oak for 6 years.
Amphorae is left with headspace during the fermentation, then topped off.
Unfined and unfiltered, sulphur at bottling for stability.

66
Q

Gravner: Wines

A

Breg: Chard, SB, PG, Riesling. Last/current vintage 2007?
Ribolla Gialla: current vintage 2007
Rosso Gravner: Merlot and Cab Sauv, 4 years in barrel. Last vintage 2004.
Rosso Breg: Pignolo, 4 years in barrel, 6 years in bottle. Current vintage 2004.
Rujno: Produced only in best years from Merlot. 4 years barrel, 6 years bottle. Current release 1999.

67
Q

Who is the man behind Miani?

A

Enzo Pontoni. Winery is tname for his mother’s maiden name.

68
Q

Radikon: Lines

A

Radikon: Fermentation in 3,000L slavonian oak, 4 punchdowns per day, left unfilled. 3mos of post fermentation maceration on the skins, then 5 years of aging (4 in botti, 1 in bottle).
S: 2-3 weeks on the skins, aged in barrel for one year. The entry level line.

69
Q

What are the four key indigenous red grapes of Fruili?

A

Refosco, Schioppetino, Terrano, Pignolo

70
Q

What varietal is Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit Cialla made with?

A

100% Picolit

71
Q

What variety is Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit made with?

A

min 85% Picolit

72
Q

What is the subzone of Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG?

A

Cialla

73
Q

Where would you find varietally-labelled Vitouska?

A

Carso (Carso-Kras) DOC

74
Q

Styles and Uvaggio of Carso (Carso-Kras) DOC?

A

Varietal Malvasia:
min. 85% Malvasia Istriana (aka: Malvazija Istarska)

All other Varietally Labeled Wines:
min. 85% stated variety

Rosso:
min. 70% Terrano

75
Q

Friulian synonym for Gewürztraminer?

A

Traminer Aromatico

76
Q

Styles and Uvaggio of Friuli Aquileia DOC:

A

Bianco: min. 50% Friulano

Rosato: Wines may be comprised of any mix of one or more of the above red grapes

Rosso: min. 50% Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso

Cabernet: 100% Cabernet Franc and/or Cabernet Sauvignon

Varietal Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso
min. 90% Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso
max. 10% Refosco Nostrano

All other Varietally Labeled Wines:
100% stated variety

Spumante:
100% Chardonnay

77
Q

Styles/Uvaggio of Rosazzo DOCG:

A

Min. 50% Friulano (Tai)
20-30% Sauvignon Blanc
20-30% Pinot Bianco and/or Chardonnay

Italy - Northern (12 decks)

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