Franks of Outremer and the Military Orders, c.1144-1174

Question 1

Who was the ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1163 and 1174?

Answer 1

Amalric

Question 2

Who was the ruler of the Principality of Antioch between 1163 and 1201?

Answer 2

Bohemond III

Question 3

Who was the ruler of the Principality of Antioch between 1153 and 1160?

Answer 3

Reynald

Question 4

What major coastal city was captured by Baldwin III of Jerusalem in 1153?

Answer 4

Ascalon

Question 5

Who was the ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1143 and 1163?

Answer 5

Baldwin III

Question 6

Which princess of Antioch was married to Raymond of Poitiers and later to Raynald of Chatillon?

Answer 6

Constance

Question 7

Victory over Nureddin at which battle in August 1150 allowed Baldwin III to safely evacuate surviving Franks from Edessa?

Answer 7

Aintab

Question 8

Whose poor relationship with his wife Hodierna concluded with his unusual death at the hands of the Assassins in 1152?

Answer 8

Raymond II of Tripoli

Question 9

Which territory was administered by Amalric of Jerusalem after Raymond III’s capture at Harim in 1164?

Answer 9

County of Tripoli

Question 10

Which Frankish archbishop was sent to the West in 1169 seeking aid from Louis VII of France?

Answer 10

Frederick of Tyre

Question 11

Where was Baldwin III defeated in battle by Nureddin in June 1157?

Answer 11

Lake Huleh

Question 12

Which group did Baldwin III make enforce a trade embargo upon Fatimid Egypt in 1156?

Answer 12

Pisans

Question 13

Which territory belonging to Damascus did Baldwin III invade in Spring 1147, driving Unur to ally with Nureddin?

Answer 13

The Hauran

Question 14

Who was the powerful mother of Baldwin III that refused to surrender power leading to tensions between 1150-52?

Answer 14

Melisende

Question 15

In what year did Amalric of Jerusalem marry the Byzantine princess Maria?

Answer 15

1167

Question 16

What was the name of Amalric I’s first wife whom divorced in order to become king?

Answer 16

Agnes of Courtenay

Question 17

Which city on the Egyptian coast was the target of a joint land/sea attack by Byzantium and Jerusalem in 1169?

Answer 17

Damietta

Question 18

Which great city did the Franks temporarily capture in 1167 after a brief siege?

Answer 18

Alexandria

Question 19

What was established in Cairo after Amalric’s invasion in 1167?

Answer 19

Frankish garrison

Question 20

What tribute was to be paid to the Franks every year after their successful campaign of 1167?

Answer 20

100,000 Gold Dinars

Question 21

Which Byzantine emperor allied with both Baldwin III and Amalric?

Answer 21

Manuel I

Question 22

Aimery of Limoges was the Latin Patriarch for which major Levantine city?

Answer 22

Antioch

Question 23

In what year did Amalric die, undermining future attempts to capture Egypt?

Answer 23

1174

Question 24

Who was the powerful constable of Jerusalem who sided with Baldwin III’s mother in 1150-52?

Answer 24

Manasses

Question 25

Which battle did Nureddin win in Syria in 1164, undermining Amalric’s position in Egypt?

Answer 25

Harim

Question 26

Which historian believes that Baldwin III envisaged a ‘Grand Alliance’ of all Christian powers of the Near East against Nureddin?

Answer 26

Prawer

Question 27

In what year was Joscelin II of Edessa captured by Nureddin?

Answer 27

1150

Question 28

What was the dowry of Theodora given to Baldwin III when he married her?

Answer 28

100,000 gold pieces

Question 29

When did Amalric I visit Constantinople in person to request aid for the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 29

March 1171

Question 30

Which formerly Christian prince of Armenia was a major threat to Bohemond III in Cilicia until 1175?

Answer 30

Mleh

Question 31

Baldwin III and Melisende quarrelled over the appointment of the new Lord of which key territory in 1149?

Answer 31

Galilee

Question 32

Which persistent but inconsistent source of military strength was more useful to the Kingdom of Jerusalem than others?

Answer 32

Pilgrims

Question 33

Which of the military orders encouraged Amalric to invade Egypt in 1168 against the advice of others?

Answer 33

Hospitallers

Question 34

Which military order refused to participate in the Frankish invasion of Egypt in 1168?

Answer 34

Templars

Question 35

What did Amalric and the Hospitallers fear Manuel I would exclude them from at Damietta in 1169?

Answer 35

Spoil of war

Question 36

Which place was granted to the Knights Hospitaller by Bohemond III in 1168?

Answer 36

Apamea

Question 37

What was the absolute maximum number of barons and knights in the kingdom of Jerusalem according to Runciman?

Answer 37

One thousand

Question 38

What were locally armed and trained light cavalry largely made up of native Christians and those of mixed parentage?

Answer 38

Turcopoles

Question 39

Which Grand Master promised to provide Amalric I with 500 knights and 500 Turcopoles, in 1168?

Answer 39

Gilbert d’Assailly

Question 40

What did the Hospitallers hope to gain from their support for an invasion of Egypt in 1168?

Answer 40

Bilbais

Question 41

In which year were visiting pilgrims a source of military strength for Jerusalem’s seizure of Ascalon?

Answer 41

1153

Question 42

In which decade did the militarisation of the Hospitallers accelerate most rapidly?

Answer 42

1160s

Question 43

What was the debt that almost destroyed the Hospitallers after the failed Egyptian invasion of 1168?

Answer 43

100,000 Bezants

Question 44

Which important castle served as the de facto headquarters of the Hospitallers?

Answer 44

Krak des Chevaliers

Question 45

Which territory in the Principality of Antioch did the Templars ruled virtually independently?

Answer 45

Baghras

Question 46

Which territory in the Kingdom of Jerusalem did the Templars come to rule virtually independently?

Answer 46

Gaza

Question 47

Who ignored papal authority to seize the Templars who defied his will in 1173?

Answer 47

Amalric

Question 48

What phenomenon led to the increasing sale of castles and territories to the military orders?

Answer 48

Feudal Poverty

Question 49

What could the military orders set on their own without reference to the rulers of Outremer?

Answer 49

Military policy

Question 50

Which group did the Templars attack in 1173 despite the safe conduct and deal they had made with Amalric?

Answer 50

Assassins

Question 51

What tax on property was one of those levied in Outremer to raise funds to purchase mercenaries?

Answer 51

Terraticum

Question 52

In what year did the Hospitallers receive Krak des Chevaliers from the Count of Tripoli?

Answer 52

1144

Question 53

Which crusader state’s eastern border was, in effect, defended by the Hospitallers?

Answer 53

County of Tripoli

Question 54

Who was the Grand Master of Templars from 1169 to 1171, temporarily improving relations with Amalric of Jerusalem?

Answer 54

Philip of Nablus

Question 55

How many Templars did Amalric of Jerusalem allegedly hang in 1165-66 for surrendering a castle to Muslims?

Answer 55

Twelve

Question 56

The capture of which Muslim city in 1153 was almost undermined by the premature and greedy attack of the Templars?

Answer 56

Ascalon