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13A: Age of the Crusades, 1149-c.1204 > Franks of Outremer and the Military Orders, c.1144-1174 > Flashcards

Franks of Outremer and the Military Orders, c.1144-1174 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1163 and 1174?

A

Amalric

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2
Q

Who was the ruler of the Principality of Antioch between 1163 and 1201?

A

Bohemond III

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3
Q

Who was the ruler of the Principality of Antioch between 1153 and 1160?

A

Reynald

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4
Q

What major coastal city was captured by Baldwin III of Jerusalem in 1153?

A

Ascalon

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5
Q

Who was the ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1143 and 1163?

A

Baldwin III

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6
Q

Which princess of Antioch was married to Raymond of Poitiers and later to Raynald of Chatillon?

A

Constance

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7
Q

Victory over Nureddin at which battle in August 1150 allowed Baldwin III to safely evacuate surviving Franks from Edessa?

A

Aintab

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8
Q

Whose poor relationship with his wife Hodierna concluded with his unusual death at the hands of the Assassins in 1152?

A

Raymond II of Tripoli

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9
Q

Which territory was administered by Amalric of Jerusalem after Raymond III’s capture at Harim in 1164?

A

County of Tripoli

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10
Q

Which Frankish archbishop was sent to the West in 1169 seeking aid from Louis VII of France?

A

Frederick of Tyre

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11
Q

Where was Baldwin III defeated in battle by Nureddin in June 1157?

A

Lake Huleh

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12
Q

Which group did Baldwin III make enforce a trade embargo upon Fatimid Egypt in 1156?

A

Pisans

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13
Q

Which territory belonging to Damascus did Baldwin III invade in Spring 1147, driving Unur to ally with Nureddin?

A

The Hauran

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14
Q

Who was the powerful mother of Baldwin III that refused to surrender power leading to tensions between 1150-52?

A

Melisende

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15
Q

In what year did Amalric of Jerusalem marry the Byzantine princess Maria?

A

1167

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16
Q

What was the name of Amalric I’s first wife whom divorced in order to become king?

A

Agnes of Courtenay

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17
Q

Which city on the Egyptian coast was the target of a joint land/sea attack by Byzantium and Jerusalem in 1169?

A

Damietta

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18
Q

Which great city did the Franks temporarily capture in 1167 after a brief siege?

A

Alexandria

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19
Q

What was established in Cairo after Amalric’s invasion in 1167?

A

Frankish garrison

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20
Q

What tribute was to be paid to the Franks every year after their successful campaign of 1167?

A

100,000 Gold Dinars

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21
Q

Which Byzantine emperor allied with both Baldwin III and Amalric?

A

Manuel I

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22
Q

Aimery of Limoges was the Latin Patriarch for which major Levantine city?

A

Antioch

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23
Q

In what year did Amalric die, undermining future attempts to capture Egypt?

A

1174

24
Q

Who was the powerful constable of Jerusalem who sided with Baldwin III’s mother in 1150-52?

A

Manasses

25
Q

Which battle did Nureddin win in Syria in 1164, undermining Amalric’s position in Egypt?

A

Harim

26
Q

Which historian believes that Baldwin III envisaged a ‘Grand Alliance’ of all Christian powers of the Near East against Nureddin?

A

Prawer

27
Q

In what year was Joscelin II of Edessa captured by Nureddin?

A

1150

28
Q

What was the dowry of Theodora given to Baldwin III when he married her?

A

100,000 gold pieces

29
Q

When did Amalric I visit Constantinople in person to request aid for the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

March 1171

30
Q

Which formerly Christian prince of Armenia was a major threat to Bohemond III in Cilicia until 1175?

A

Mleh

31
Q

Baldwin III and Melisende quarrelled over the appointment of the new Lord of which key territory in 1149?

A

Galilee

32
Q

Which persistent but inconsistent source of military strength was more useful to the Kingdom of Jerusalem than others?

A

Pilgrims

33
Q

Which of the military orders encouraged Amalric to invade Egypt in 1168 against the advice of others?

A

Hospitallers

34
Q

Which military order refused to participate in the Frankish invasion of Egypt in 1168?

A

Templars

35
Q

What did Amalric and the Hospitallers fear Manuel I would exclude them from at Damietta in 1169?

A

Spoil of war

36
Q

Which place was granted to the Knights Hospitaller by Bohemond III in 1168?

A

Apamea

37
Q

What was the absolute maximum number of barons and knights in the kingdom of Jerusalem according to Runciman?

A

One thousand

38
Q

What were locally armed and trained light cavalry largely made up of native Christians and those of mixed parentage?

A

Turcopoles

39
Q

Which Grand Master promised to provide Amalric I with 500 knights and 500 Turcopoles, in 1168?

A

Gilbert d’Assailly

40
Q

What did the Hospitallers hope to gain from their support for an invasion of Egypt in 1168?

A

Bilbais

41
Q

In which year were visiting pilgrims a source of military strength for Jerusalem’s seizure of Ascalon?

A

1153

42
Q

In which decade did the militarisation of the Hospitallers accelerate most rapidly?

A

1160s

43
Q

What was the debt that almost destroyed the Hospitallers after the failed Egyptian invasion of 1168?

A

100,000 Bezants

44
Q

Which important castle served as the de facto headquarters of the Hospitallers?

A

Krak des Chevaliers

45
Q

Which territory in the Principality of Antioch did the Templars ruled virtually independently?

A

Baghras

46
Q

Which territory in the Kingdom of Jerusalem did the Templars come to rule virtually independently?

A

Gaza

47
Q

Who ignored papal authority to seize the Templars who defied his will in 1173?

A

Amalric

48
Q

What phenomenon led to the increasing sale of castles and territories to the military orders?

A

Feudal Poverty

49
Q

What could the military orders set on their own without reference to the rulers of Outremer?

A

Military policy

50
Q

Which group did the Templars attack in 1173 despite the safe conduct and deal they had made with Amalric?

A

Assassins

51
Q

What tax on property was one of those levied in Outremer to raise funds to purchase mercenaries?

A

Terraticum

52
Q

In what year did the Hospitallers receive Krak des Chevaliers from the Count of Tripoli?

A

1144

53
Q

Which crusader state’s eastern border was, in effect, defended by the Hospitallers?

A

County of Tripoli

54
Q

Who was the Grand Master of Templars from 1169 to 1171, temporarily improving relations with Amalric of Jerusalem?

A

Philip of Nablus

55
Q

How many Templars did Amalric of Jerusalem allegedly hang in 1165-66 for surrendering a castle to Muslims?

A

Twelve

56
Q

The capture of which Muslim city in 1153 was almost undermined by the premature and greedy attack of the Templars?

A

Ascalon

13A: Age of the Crusades, 1149-c.1204 (10 decks)

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