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13A: Age of the Crusades, 1149-c.1204 > Franks of Outremer and the Latin West, c.1169-1189 > Flashcards

Franks of Outremer and the Latin West, c.1169-1189 Flashcards

1
Q

In which year were Frankish and Byzantine efforts to seize the Egyptian port of Damietta unsuccessful?

A

1169

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2
Q

Which papal bull, issued by Alexander III on 29 July 1169 calling for people to crusade, was not successful?

A

Inter Omnia

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3
Q

Whose death in July 1174 led to the succession of his leprous thirteen-year old son?

A

Amalric of Jerusalem

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4
Q

In which year did Nureddin and Amalric I die and Baldwin IV become king of Jerusalem?

A

1174

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5
Q

Which territory did Saladin begin to seize after Nureddin’s death in 1174?

A

Syria

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6
Q

What affliction undermined Baldwin IV of Jerusalem’s health and kingship (1174-1185)?

A

Leprosy

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7
Q

When did Baldwin IV achieve a great victory over Saladin at Montgisard?

A

November 1177

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8
Q

Where did Reynald of Chatillon become lord of after his marriage to Stephanie of Mily in 1177?

A

Oultrejordain

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9
Q

Which battle in 1176 destroyed the Byzantine army of the pro-Latin Emperor Manuel I?

A

Myriocephalum

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10
Q

At which battle did Saladin defeat Baldwin IV’s forces in June 1179?

A

Marj Ayyun

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11
Q

At which place did Saladin destroy the key fortification being built by Baldwin IV in August 1179?

A

Jacob’s Ford

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12
Q

Whose death in 1180 undermined the Byzantine alliance that had buttressed Outremer?

A

Manuel I

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13
Q

Who married Princess Isabella at Kerak in 1183 whilst Saladin was attacking the castle?

A

Humphrey of Toron

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14
Q

When did Baldwin IV die leaving his nephew, a seven-year old boy, as King of Jerusalem?

A

March 1185

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15
Q

Which person succeeded Baldwin IV but died only one year later in August 1186?

A

Baldwin V

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16
Q

Which Frankish baron was most opposed to Guy of Lusignan?

A

Raymond III of Tripoli

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17
Q

When did Baldwin IV arrange the marriage of Sibylla and Guy in response to a feared coup against him?

A

April 1180

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18
Q

Which Frankish noble family were Raymond III’s most powerful allies in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Ibelins

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19
Q

Which Frankish baron was particularly provocative in his actions against Muslims?

A

Reynald of Chatillon

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20
Q

Which group supported Sibylla’s succession to the throne?

A

’Court party’

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21
Q

Where was the Frankish army marching to relieve when they were attacked at Hattin in 1187?

A

Tiberias

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22
Q

At which battle on 4th July 1187 was Jerusalem’s army destroyed?

A

Hattin

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23
Q

Which group opposed Sibylla’s (and especially Guy’s) succession to the throne?

A

’The Pullani’

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24
Q

Which corrupt Patriarch of Jerusalem and reputed lover of Agnes of Courtenay was a key backer of Sibylla?

A

Heraclius

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25
Q

Where did Saladin’s army destroy a Templar and Hospitaller force on 1 May 1187?

A

Cresson

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26
Q

What did Saladin largely conquer in three months after the battle of Hattin in 1187?

A

Kingdom of Jerusalem

27
Q

Which territory was Saladin’s first strategic objective after the Battle of Hattin?

A

The coast

28
Q

Which uncle of Sibylla helped to lead the coup that put her on the throne in 1186?

A

Joscelin III

29
Q

Who defended the city of Jerusalem from Saladin for two weeks in September 1187?

A

Balian of Ibelin

30
Q

Which person seized the throne in violation of Baldwin IV’s will in August 1186?

A

Sibylla

31
Q

What happened to Reynald of Chatillon after his capture at Hattin in July 1187?

A

Execution

32
Q

Which great city surrendered almost immediately to Saladin on 8 July 1187?

A

Acre

33
Q

Which holy relic was raised in front of the troops before the battle at Montgisard and was lost at Hattin?

A

True Cross

34
Q

Which Frankish city resisted Saladin in July 1187 and again between November 1187 and January 1188?

A

Tyre

35
Q

Who led the Frankish resistance to Saladin in Tyre from July 1187 onwards?

A

Conrad of Montferrat

36
Q

Members of what were executed by Saladin after the Battle of Hattin?

A

Military Orders

37
Q

When did Guy of Jerusalem begin the two-year siege of Acre in defiance of Saladin?

A

August 1189

38
Q

Who was the Grand Master of the Templars, and strong opponent of Raymond III, between 1184 and 1189?

A

Gerard de Ridefort

39
Q

Which Grand Master of the Hospitallers from 1177 to 1187 was killed at the Battle of Cresson?

A

Roger de Moulins

40
Q

In the summer of which year did Saladin take most of the coastal castles and towns of the states of Tripoli and Antioch?

A

1188

41
Q

When did Saladin’s attack fail to dislodge the Latins besieging Acre?

A

October 1189

42
Q

Which insurrection against Henry II of England by his family in 1173-74 made it impossible for Henry II to crusade?

A

Great Rebellion

43
Q

What did Western Christians perceive that the Franks of Outremer lived in and thus could pay for their own defence?

A

Luxury

44
Q

Which Frankish archbishop was sent in 1169 to secure aid from the West for Outremer

A

Frederick of Tyre

45
Q

When did Alexander III issue his unsuccessful papal bull, Inter Omnia, calling for Latins to crusade?

A

29 July 1169

46
Q

Which English archbishop of Canterbury was killed in 1170 by men acting for Henry II of England?

A

Thomas Becket

47
Q

How many knights a year did Henry II promise (but fail) to send to Outremer as absolution for killing Becket?

A

Two hundred

48
Q

What aid did Henry II send every year instead of knights as absolution for killing Becket?

A

2,000 silver marks

49
Q

Which pope, between 1159 and 1181, made repeated unsuccessful attempts to encourage crusading?

A

Alexander III

50
Q

Which papal letter encouraging crusading was issued by Alexander III in 1181?

A

Cor Nostrum

51
Q

Which famous English knight was visited Outremer on a pilgrimage in 1183-84 but achieved little?

A

William Marshal

52
Q

Which great victory of Baldwin IV over Saladin in 1177 persuaded many in the Latin West that the Franks were not in danger?

A

Montgisard

53
Q

Which pope, between 1181 and 1184, issued a crusading appeal but to little effect?

A

Lucius III

54
Q

Keys to which place were offered to both Louis VII of France and Henry II of England in 1184 but refused?

A

Jerusalem

55
Q

Which king of Jerusalem appealed repeatedly in the 1160s for his kinsman, Henry II of England to aid him?

A

Amalric

56
Q

Which Italian was Sibylla married to in 1177 in the hope that he would bring Latin aid to Outremer?

A

William of Montferrat

57
Q

Who travelled to Outremer in 1177, allegedly to join a planned invasion of Egypt, but fell out with the Franks of Jerusalem?

A

Philip of Flanders

58
Q

In which year did a small crusade led Duke Henry of Louvain and Ralph of Mauleon come to Outremer but achieve little?

A

1183

59
Q

Which Latin noble arrived in Outremer shortly after Hattin and successful held Tyre against Saladin?

A

Conrad of Montferrat

60
Q

Which papal bull, in response to the defeat at Hattin, launched the Third Crusade on 29 October 1187?

A

Audita Tremendi

61
Q

Who sent 50 ships to aid the remaining Frankish territories of Tripoli and Antioch in 1188?

A

William II of Sicily

62
Q

When did the Archbishop of Pisa arrive at Tyre with 52 ships, thus preventing Saladin’s naval blockade?

A

6 April 1189

63
Q

Large numbers of forces from the Third Crusade joined Guy of Lusignan’s siege of which key city?

A

Acre

64
Q

Fifty ships commanded by nobles of which kingdom arrived in Outremer in early September 1189?

A

Denmark

13A: Age of the Crusades, 1149-c.1204 (10 decks)

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