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13A: Age of the Crusades, 1149-c.1204 > Byzantium, the Muslim Near East and Outremer, c.1144-1174 > Flashcards

Byzantium, the Muslim Near East and Outremer, c.1144-1174 Flashcards

1
Q

Whose attacks on Byzantium limited its willingness to help the Second Crusade?

A

Roger II of Sicily

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2
Q

Who unsuccessfully fought a war against the Byzantines in Cilicia in 1144 and 1145?

A

Raymond of Antioch

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3
Q

In what year was Raymond of Antioch forced to travel to Constantinople and submit to Manuel I as his vassal?

A

1145

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4
Q

Who did Manuel I unsuccessfully attempt to have married to Constance of Antioch in 1152?

A

John Roger

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5
Q

Which Byzantine princess did Baldwin III marry in 1158?

A

Theodora

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6
Q

Which Byzantine Christian island was raided and sacked by Reynald of Antioch in 1156?

A

Cyprus

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7
Q

In what year did Manuel I of Byzantium invade Cilicia forcing Prince Reynald to beg for forgiveness?

A

1158

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8
Q

Which Frankish princess did Manuel I marry in 1162?

A

Maria of Antioch

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9
Q

The daughter of which Frankish princess did Manuel I initially plan to marry but then scandalously reject c.1161?

A

Hodierna

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10
Q

The Byzantines provided 300 ships to assist in the Frankish siege of which Egyptian city in 1169?

A

Damietta

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11
Q

Which Byzantine military defeat in 1176 undermined its strength in Anatolia and Syria?

A

Myriocephalum

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12
Q

Which Byzantine princess did Amalric of Jerusalem marry in 1167?

A

Maria

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13
Q

In what year did Baldwin III marry the Byzantine princess Theodora?

A

1158

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14
Q

Which Byzantine emperor was accused of not helping the Second Crusade but became an ally of Outremer?

A

Manuel I

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15
Q

What did Byzantium provide to the Kingdom of Jerusalem that was most important to aid attacks on Egypt?

A

Naval support

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16
Q

Where did the threat of Byzantine intervention act as an effective deterrent to Nureddin?

A

Northern Syria

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17
Q

In what year did Reynald of Antioch defeat an Armenian rebellion against the Byzantines for which he was not compensated?

A

1155

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18
Q

When did Amalric visit Constantinople in person to request aid for the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

March 1171

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19
Q

Who travelled North to pay his respects to Manuel I in 1159 after Reynald had been humiliated?

A

Baldwin III

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20
Q

In which territory had Prince Raymond being trying to take Byzantine towns in 1144-45?

A

Cilicia

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21
Q

Who was Sultan of Rum that Manuel I had made a 12 year truce with and did not want to offend during the Second Crusade?

A

Mesud I

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22
Q

Who did the Second crusaders accused of luring them into Turkish ambushes during the crossing of Anatolia?

A

Byzantine scouts

23
Q

Where did the Second crusaders accused the Byzantines of attacking their forces on their journey to Constantinople?

A

Balkans

24
Q

Who wrote a hostile account of the Second Crusade blaming the Byzantines for its failure?

A

Odo of Deuil

25
Q

What was the dowry of Theodora given to Baldwin III when he married her in 1158?

A

100,000 gold pieces

26
Q

In what year did Manuel I pay a ransom to release Bohemond III, after the prince’s capture at Harim?

A

1165

27
Q

Which daughter of Unur of Damascus did Nureddin marry in 1147 to seal their alliance?

A

Ismat

28
Q

Which Frankish castle did Nureddin unsuccessfully attack in 1153?

A

Banias

29
Q

In which battle in 1163 did King Amalric I of Jerusalem defeat and nearly kill Nureddin?

A

al-Buqaia

30
Q

When was Zengi murdered while he slept by one of his own servants?

A

September 1146

31
Q

Who recaptured Edessa from Joscelin II in December 1146 after the death of his father?

A

Nureddin

32
Q

What is the term used to describe Nureddin’s increased religious devotion possible coming from a near death experience?

A

Inner conversion

33
Q

Who was the chronicler that presented Nureddin as a just ruler inspired by Jihad?

A

Ibn al-Qalanisi

34
Q

Who was the Kurdish general who invaded Egypt to assert Nureddin’s overlordship?

A

Shirkuh

35
Q

In 1164 who did Shawar seek help from Nureddin to fight?

A

Dirgham

36
Q

In what year did Shirkuh finally gain full control over Egypt?

A

1169

37
Q

Who succeeded as vizier of Egypt after the death of his uncle Shirkuh in 1169?

A

Saladin

38
Q

Which Frankish city was heavily exposed to Muslim attack and was taken by Zengi in 1144?

A

Edessa

39
Q

In which battle did Nureddin defeat and kill Prince Raymond of Antioch in 1149?

A

Inab

40
Q

Which brother of Nureddin accepted his overlordship of Mosul in 1149?

A

Qutb ad-Din

41
Q

Which city did Nureddin fail to take in two unsuccessful sieges in 1150 and 1151?

A

Damascus

42
Q

In what year were both Raymond III and Bohemond III captured at the second battle of Artah (Harim)?

A

1164

43
Q

Who was the vizier of Egypt that was ousted from power in 1163?

A

Shawar

44
Q

In what year was Joscelin II of Edessa captured by Nureddin?

A

1150

45
Q

What is the Islamic term referring to the religious duty of Muslims to maintain the religion?

A

Jihad

46
Q

What is the name of the Islamic education centres built in Syria, half of which in the 1160s were built by Nureddin?

A

Madrassas

47
Q

In which year was Nureddin’s ‘palace of Justice’ built in Damascus?

A

1163

48
Q

Which Fatimid coastal city was captured by Baldwin III of Jerusalem in 1153?

A

Ascalon

49
Q

In which year did Saladin abolish the Shia Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt?

A

1171

50
Q

When did Saladin launch a devastating raid against the southern border of the kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

December 1170

51
Q

Distrust between Saladin and Nureddin led to Muslim failure at the siege of which castle in October 1171?

A

Montreal

52
Q

In which year did Nureddin aid the Armenian leader Mleh of Cilicia in expelling the Templars from their northern fortresses?

A

1172

53
Q

When did Nureddin die at his citadel in Damascus?

A

May 1174

13A: Age of the Crusades, 1149-c.1204 (10 decks)

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