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France - Champagne Flashcards

1
Q

Special metal crate holding many dozen inverted bottles of traditional method sparkling wine which is actually the mechanized form of riddling.

A

Gyropalette or Girasol

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2
Q

First vintage of Krug Clos d’ Ambonnay.

A

1995

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3
Q

What is the minimum atm pressure that a bottle of Champagne must achieve?

A

5,5 atm

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4
Q

What is muselet?

A

The wire cage that holds the Champagne cork to the bottle

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5
Q

How many communes (villages) produce Champagne?

A

357

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6
Q

What are the two still appellations of Champagne?

A

Rose de Riceys

Coteaux Champenois

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7
Q

Name of the traditional press in Champagne.

A

Coquard

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8
Q

What contribution did Kinelm Digby contribute to Champagne’s advancement?

A

Introduced the modern wine bottle from England, coal-fired ovens that produced glass stronger and superior to the French glass of the time

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9
Q

What contribution did Dom Perignon contribute to Champagne’s advancement?

A

Introduced the Pressoir Coquard (Coquard Press), he was also the first to make white wine from red grapes, and first to realize that blending across several lots created a more balanced and complex final wine

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10
Q

What contribution did Louis XV contribute to Champagne’s advancement?

A

Removed the restrictions on transporting wine in bottles that had previously held back Champagne sales and this moment marked the beginning of the modern Champagne trade

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11
Q

What contribution did Antoine Müller contribute to Champagne’s advancement? Where did he work at the time?

A

Discovered the process of remuage or riddling to remove unwanted yeast deposit in the bottle following secondary alcoholic fermentation

Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin

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12
Q

What contribution did Jean-Baptiste François contribute to Champagne’s advancement?

A

He invented the sucre-oenomètre (wine-sugar meter) allowing Champagne makers to more accurately add the right amount of sugar to the wine to make its sparkle, with less risk of the bottle exploding because of too much pressure

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13
Q

What contribution did Louis Pasteur contribute to Champagne’s advancement?

A

His work elucidated the truth behind fermentation and the relationship between sugar and yeast during this process

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14
Q

What contribution did Madame Pommery contribute to Champagne’s advancement?

A

Introduced the first widely successful brut style Champagne

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15
Q

What contribution did Robert-Jean de Vogüé contribute to Champagne’s advancement?

A

Established the CIVC, a broad consortium of growers, producers, and shippers representing Champagne and protecting the region’s interests in the face of Nazi occupation (1941)

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16
Q

Traditional press of Champagne and how many l/kg can it hold?

A

Coquard basket press

2,550L / 4,000kg

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17
Q

Which Champagne Grands Crus were added after the revision in 1985?

A 
Verzy 
Chouilly 
Oiry 
Oger 
Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
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18
Q

Jacques Selosse prestige cuvee.

A

Substance (100% Chardonnay)

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19
Q

Which producer makes a Champagne from 100% Petit Meslier grape at a limited production named Precious Parcel Petit Meslier?

A

Duval-Leroy

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20
Q

What is pupitre?

A

French name for a hand riddling rack, traditionally used for riddling sparkling wines by hand

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21
Q

Each action the Champagne press going down on the grapes is called…

A

Serre

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22
Q

What is the name of the newest type of press in Champagne?

A

PAI (Pressoir automatique a plateau incline)

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23
Q

How many liters is the vin de cuvee and the taille?

A

2050 lt / 500 lt

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24
Q

What is the name of the further pressings beyond the vin de taille that are not allowed to be used for wine?

A

Rebeche

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25
Name a Champagne that is produced from a perpetual cuvee.
``` Bereche et fils Reflet d'Antan Billiot Fils Cuvee Laetitia Laherte Freres Les 7 Pierre Peters Cuvee Reserve De Sousa Cuvee des Caudalies ```
26
How many grams of sugar create 1 atmosphere of pressure?
4 gr
27
Name the controversial alternative of liqueur d'expedition.
MCR (Mout concentre et rectifie)
28
Which Champagne is considered to be the first Prestige Cuvee of all?
Dom Perignon 1921 of Moet Chandon was released in 1936
29
What percent of total plantings does Chardonnay has in Cote des Blancs?
98%
30
How many acres are approved for Rose de Riceys?
865 acres
31
Who is Jean-Baptiste Lecaillon?
Chef de Cave of Louis Roederer since 1999
32
What is the grape variety or varieties used in Cedric Bouchardes Roses De Jeanne La Boloree Blanc des Blancs Champagne?
100% Pinot Blanc
33
Which Champagne producer was the first to become certified biodynamic and when?
Fleury | 1992
34
How many villages are in Cote des Blancs?
11
35
What is blocage?
System of putting wine in reserve in good and plentiful years for use in poor years in Champagne
36
When was the CIVC established?
1941
37
How many villages of Champagne were of Grand Cru status until 1985?
12
38
What are the initials RM stand for in a Champagne label? Name a few.
Recoltant-Manipulant | Jacques Selosse / Egly-Ouriet / Agrapart et Fils / Jacques Copin / Paul Bara
39
Which Champagne house releases the Cepage Arbane Vieilles Vignes?
Moutard Pere et Fils
40
Name the houses in the Champagne region that are owned by LVMH.
Moet Chandon Krug Veuve Clicquot Ruinart
41
What are the allowed pruning methods in Champagne and which grape they are most appropriate for?
Cordon de Royat (Pinot Noir) Taille Chablis (Chardonnay which is also trained in Cordon de Royat in Grand Cru villages) Vallee de la Marne (Pinot Meunier) Guyot (for all grapes in highly frost-prone areas)
42
What are the prestige cuvee(s) for G.H. Mumm?
Cuvee R. Lalou (1966 inaugural - discontinued in 1985 - 1998 revived)
43
What are the prestige cuvee(s) for Pol Roger?
Sir Winston Churchill (1975 inaugural)
44
What are the prestige cuvee(s) for Louis Roederer?
Cristal
45
What are the prestige cuvee(s) for Taittinger?
Comtes de Champagne Blanc de Blancs | Comtes de Champagne Rose
46
What are Crayeres?
Old underground cellars
47
What are the different sweetness level classifications of Champagne (gr/lt)?
``` Brut Nature/Non Dosage: 0-3 gr/lt Extra Brut: 0-6 gr/lt Brut: 0-12 gr/lt Extra Dry: 12-17 gr/lt Sec: 17-32 gr/lt Demi-Sec: 32-50 gr/lt Doux: 50 + gr/lt ``` (Prior to 2010 there was slight differences)
48
What are the prestige cuvee(s) for Duval-Leroy?
Femme de Champagne Femme de Champagne Rose Precious Parcel Clos des Bouviers (There are also three other Precious Parcel Champagnes, Bouzy, Petit Meslier and Cumieres)
49
What are the prestige cuvee(s) for Ruinart?
Dom Ruinart Blanc de Blancs (1959 inaugural) | Dom Ruinart Rose (1966 inaugural)
50
What are the initials NM stand for in a Champagne label? Name a few.
Negociant-Manipulant | Bereche et Fils / Perrier-Jouet / Moet Chandon / Taittinger / Pol Roger / Bollinger / Veuve Clicquot
51
Who produces the single parcel Champagne called Terre de Noel?
Jean Milan (source: Oger)
52
Who produces the single parcel Champagne called Clos du Moulin?
Cattier (source: Ludes)
53
Who produces the single parcel Champagne called Grande Sendree?
Drappier (source: Urville, Aube)
54
What are vins clairs?
High acid base wines for Champagne (just after the first fermentation) with an abv of 11%
55
Pinot Gris synonym is Champagne.
Fromenteau
56
Grape varieties allowed to be used in Champagne.
``` Pinot Noir Pinot Meunier Chardonnay Arbanne Petit Meslier Pinot Blanc Pinot Gris (Fromenteau) ```
57
Name the Grand Cru villages of Cote des Blancs. (6)
``` Chouilly (added in 1985) Oiry (added in 1985) Oger (added in 1985) Le Mesnil-sur-Oger (added in 1985) Cramant Avize ```
58
Who produces the Champagne called Comtesse Marie de France?
Paul Bara (source: Bouzy / 100% Pinot Noir)
59
Who produces the Champagne called Clos Cazals and La Chapelle du Clos?
Claude Cazals
60
What are the ageing requirements for NV and Vintage Champagne?
All Champagne wines must spend at least 15 months in the bottle before release, of which 12 months maturation on lees is required for non-vintage cuvees and the minimum for vintage cuvees is 3 years
61
What is disgorgement?
The ejecting of the sediment under pressure that then leaves the wine perfectly clear (the neck of the bottle is plunged into a refrigerating solution at – 27°C and the sediment [in the form of a frozen plug] is then ejected under pressure when the bottle is opened, with minimum loss of wine and pressure)
62
What is the manual disgorgement called?
A la volee
63
What is poingettage?
The shaking of the Champagne bottle so that the dosage liqueur marries perfectly with the wine
64
Name the Grand Cru villages of Montagne de Reims. (10)
``` Ambonnay Beaumont-sur-Vesle Bouzy Louvois Mailly-Champagne Puisieulx Sillery Tours-sur-Marne Verzenay Verzy ```
65
Name the only Grand Cru village of Valee de la Marne.
Ay | Tours-sur-Marne
66
What districts of Champagne do not have any Grand Crus?
Cote de Sezanne | Cote de Bars (Aube)
67
What percent of grapes must originate from a grower's own vineyards for RM?
95%
68
How much does the ABV rise during the second fermentation?
~1.2-1.3%
69
What is liqueur de tirage?
A mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar and a fining agent that ignites the second fermentation
70
In 1992, what did the CIVC set the limit for grape pressing to?
102L for 160kg (2,550L for 4,000kg)
71
How many liters is a Methusaleh?
6 L (8 bottles)
72
What is the liqueur d'expedition?
Dosage - mixture of wine and sugar syrup
73
What was the first single vineyard Champagne?
Philiponnat "Clos de Goisses" (1935)
74
How many liters is a Balthazar?
12 L (16 bottles)
75
How many liters is a Nebuchadnezzar?
15 L (20 bottles)
76
What region outside of France is considered a natural continuation of the chalk in Champagne?
White Cliffs of Dover (England)
77
How many liters is a Solomon?
18L (24 bottles)
78
How long must NV wines spend on their lees?
12 months (15 months in the cellar)
79
How many liters is a Salmanazar?
9L (12 bottles)
80
How many bottles does a gyropalette hold?
504
81
How many liters is a Jeroboam?
3L (4 bottles)
82
How long does the second fermentation last?
Up to 8 weeks
83
What are the prestige cuvee(s) for Gosset?
Celebris
84
Name three Champagne houses known for barrel fermentation.
Bollinger Krug Alfred Gratien
85
Name the two methods of disgorgement.
A la glace | A la volee (traditional)
86
Name the most prominent grape of the Aube.
Pinot Noir
87
How many growers are in Champagne?
19000 - 20000
88
What is the dominant soil of the Aube?
Clay
89
What does Pinot Meunier lend to a Champagne blend?
Youthful fruitiness and approachability
90
In 2012, what did Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Pinot Meunier plantings account for in Champagne?
Pinot Noir 38% Pinot Meunier 32% Chardonnay 30%
91
Oldest sparkling Champagne house.
Ruinart (est. 1729)
92
Name the most prominent grape of the Vallee de la Marne.
Pinot Meunier (frost prone region)
93
How long does remuage take?
Traditional (8 weeks) | Modern (1 week)
94
What is the liqueur d'expedition?
Dosage | A mixture of wine and sugar syrup
95
What is a Tete de Cuvee?
A prestige cuvee, usually the pinnacle of quality for a producer
96
What is pupitre?
Two large wooden planks fastened together in an upright "A" shape (each plank has 60 angled holes cut into it)
97
Synonym of remuage.
Riddling
98
What is a "marc" of grapes?
4000 kg, the amount held in a traditional basket press (coquard)
99
What is assemblage?
Blending
100
What bottle size was discontinued in 1989?
Rehoboam (4,5 lt)
101
What is debourage?
The settling of the must
102
Which Grand Cru is red only? White only?
Tours-sur-Marne (red only, Valle de la Marne) | Chouilly (white only, Cote de Blancs)
103
When was compost fertilizer outlawed in Champagne?
1998 - 1999
104
What is the Prise de Mousse?
Second fermentation
105
What is a matriculation number?
A series of digits that is a unique ID assigned to each producer by the CIVC
106
What are the initials MA stand for in a Champagne label?
Marque d'Acheteur (a buyer's own brand)
107
Oldest Champagne house still in operation today.
Gosset (est. 1584 as a still wine producer)
108
What does Pinot Noir lend to a Champagne blend?
Supports the wine's structure, richness and body
109
Name the predecessor of the CIVC.
Commissions de Chalons
110
Name a few good vintages of Champagne.
``` 1996 2002 2004 2006 2008 2009 2012 ```
111
Who releases the Grand Blanc de Meunier Champagne? Which is the variety used in its production?
Gosset | Pinot Meunier
112
Which Champagne has partnered up with Penfolds to produce a special portfolio of three Champagnes, that they will be released as part of the 175th anniversary of Penfolds?
Thiénot
113
Which US winery was recently acquired by Champagne Louis Roederer? (2019)
Merry Edwards (Russian River Valley, Sonoma County)
114
What is the name of the older method of tying cork down to the bottle in Champagne?
Ficelage
115
Who produces the single parcel Champagne called Clos des Bouvieres?
Duval-Leroy
116
Who produces the single parcel Champagne called Clos St.-Hilaire?
Billecart-Salmon
117
When was the Club Trésors de Champagne established? How many growers are members? Name 3 original members.
1971 28 Paul Bara, Pierre Gimmonet and Gaston Chiquet (only RM producers may join)
118
Name the 100% rosè tranquille AOP which is located in the department of Aube, made from grapes that are vinified as whole bunches (semi-carbonic maceration).
Rosé des Riceys
119
Vertus, Cuis and Grauves are all premier cru villages in this subregion.
Côte des Blancs
120
Name the producer which is located in Aÿ, known for the prestige cuvée made from 100% Pinot Noir called "Vieilles Vignes Françaises".
Bollinger
121
Name the village of Côte des Blancs that receives Grand Cru status for the white wines but the 1% of Pinot Noir is not.
Chouilly
122
12-17 gr/lt of RS is the permitted range for this style of Champagne.
Extra Dry
123
This bottle holds and entire case of wine (12 bottles/9 lt) and is larger than a Jeroboam and a Methuselah.
Salmanazar

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