Frames of References Flashcards
Psychodynamic Approach
(for group dynamics)
★ Change & Motivation ★
- Addresses human emotions, motivational challenges, & the meaning of occupations
- Encourages clients to explore occupational problems & limitations
- Change occurs through learning and performing adaptive skills
- Skills are learned through social experiences provided through group processes
- Social experiences allow clients to explore consequences of problem behaviors through discussion and develop skills required for change
Role of OT and Group Interventions based on Psychodynamic Approach
★ Role of OT ★
- Provides varying levels of facilitation to the group depending on the needs of the participants
- Promotes group learning
- Encourages the group to make decisions and solve problems
★ Group Interventions ★
- Activities are determined by the group
- Encourage the members of the group to cooperate throughout the task provided
- Task-oriented groups include the use of art, drama, creative writing, or cooking
Behavioral-Cognitive Approach
(for group dynamics)
★ Change & Motivation ★
- Addresses the need for learning or changing client performance patterns
- Most beneficial when working with clients who experience limited self-control & self-management skills
- Encourages change through the use of reinforcement
- Reinforcement varies between clients, allowing some to experience internal motivation and others to experience external reinforcement including candy, extra privilieges, or praise
Role of OT and Group Interventions based on Behavioral-Cognitive Approach
★ Role of OT ★
- Provides directive leadership
- Selects the task or activity
- Provides structure for the group
- The therapist remains active during the group, providing assistance, asking questions, and offering reinforcement as needed
★ Group Interventions ★
- Activities focus on learning coping skills and improving task performance
- Provide new experiences to the participants
- Groups include psychoeducational activities that allow clients to discuss values, impact of illness, mindfulness, and visualization
Allen’s Cognitive Disabilities Approach
(for group dynamics)
★ Change & Motivation ★
- A client’s cognitive level can be maximized by assessing activity limitations and adapting both the task demand and the contextual factors to support successful participation
- Utilizes the 6 Allen Cognitive Levels (ACL)
- Change occurs through adaptive functioning and by manipulating the environment
Role of OT and Group Interventions based on Allen’s Cognitive Disabilities Approach
★ Role of OT ★
- OTP assesses cognitive impairment, determining level of assistance needed and environmental adaptations required to compensate for activity limitations
- Provides directive leadership
- Selects the activity and limits choices
- Requires skills in assisting clients and demonstrating desired results
★ Group Interventions ★
- Activities are determined based on the cognitie level of the group
- Groups are structured and vary depending on cognitive level
Developmental Approach
(for group dynamics)
★ Change & Motivation ★
- Age is not the measure of development
- People experience normal changes of development in varying stages of life
- Change is motivated by the need to master age-appropriate skills and is often facilitated by the environment
- Developmental stages are heirarchial
- The client must master the skills prior to moving onto the next developmental level
Role of OT and Group Interventions based on Developmental Approach
★ Role of OT ★
- Provides directive leadership
- Identifies the developmental level of clients
- Provides structure to the group in order to limit choices and challenges that are presented
★ Group Interventions ★
- Activities and goals are selected based on the ages and stages of development
- Focus on transitioning form work to retirement, addressing changes in health status (a diagnosis-specific group), loss of significant others, and addressing new roles as a younger student or worker
Sensorimotor Approach
(for group dynamics)
★ Change & Motivation ★
- Encourage change through the use of physical activity and the effect physical activity has on muscle tone, muscle strength, and ROM
- Change in the motor learning system occurs through the use of repetition, promoting feedback to allow for habituation
Role of OT and Group Interventions based on Sensorimotor Approach
★ Role of OT ★
- Provides directive leadership
- Offers imitation and role modeling for the clients
★ Group Interventions ★
- Activities include gross motor movement, including exercise groups, parachute games, and bioenergetics groups that encourage the expression of feeling through movement
Model of Human Occupation
(for group dynamics)
★ Change & Motivation ★
- Views the person as an open system that has the capacity to organize and reorganize
- Subsystems promote change: volition, habituation, performance capacity
- Environment promotes change and requires interactions
Role of OT and Group Interventions based on MOHO
★ Role of OT ★
- Provides varying levels of facilitation to the group depending on the needs of the participants
- Promotes group learning
- Encourages the groups to make decisions and solve problems
★ Group Interventions ★
- Activities are determined by the group
- Encourage the members of the group to cooperate throughout the task provided
