Fractures and Complications Flashcards
What is an open fracture?
One where the skin overlying is breached
what is a close Fracture?
One where the skin is still intact
What are the 4 stages of fracture healing?
Inflammatory response
Into-membranous ossification
Endochondral ossification
Remodelling
What are the common clinical features of a fracture?
Pain Stiffness Refusal to move Tender Swollen Can't weight bear Loss of function
What is the gold standard investigation of a fracture?
X-ray
what are the 3 main aims of fracture management?
Relieve pain
Restore function
Save life
What are the management option?
Splinting/casting
ORIF
Debridement etc
What is a Compartment syndrome?
Increase pressure inside the osseofacial compartment of muscled resulting in microvascular compromise and if untreated necrosis
What is the most common compartment affected?
Deep posterior or asteroid compartment of the leg
what are the 9P’s of Compartment Syndrome?
Pain Parasthesia Pallor Pulselessness Passive dorsiflexion Paralysis Perishingly cols Pressure Propt treatment and decompression
What is the investigation of compartment syndrome?
Meassurement probe
CK
Urine myoglobin
What is the treatment of compartment syndrome?
Urgent fasciotomy of the pressurised compartment Remove the cast/dressing Analgesia IV fluids Physio, OT
what is a subluxation?
Where the joint only partially dislocated, it is not fully out
What is complex regional pain syndrome?
A syndrome caused by trauma, surgery, infection
What are the 4 symptoms? PORT
Pain Oedema Reduced ROM Temperature + colour change
Manage with easy movement and physio
