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Surgery > Fracture biomechanics and classification > Flashcards

Fracture biomechanics and classification Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four forces on a fracture

A

bending
torsion
compression
tension

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2
Q

What kind fo fracture is compression a good thing for?

A

A well reduced transverse fracture

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3
Q

What happens with compression on a oblique fracture?

A

Shearing

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4
Q

What 2 other forces do we see added during bending and where?

A

Inherently when something bends, one cortices will undergo compression and one cortices will undergo tension

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5
Q

What is the neutral axis?

A

The point in a bending bone that sees no compressive or tensive forces

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6
Q

If you fix a broken bone with an IM pin you want it to run where?

A

Down the neutral axis

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7
Q

Torsion is essentially?

A

Rotation

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8
Q

Tensions causes what phenomena?

A

Distraction

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9
Q

Casts and splints are good at neutralizing?

A

Bending and are ok at torsion

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10
Q

Wires are good at neutralizing?

A

Tension, that is all

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11
Q

Intramedullary pins are good at neautralizing?

A

bending, bad at all other forces

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12
Q

Interlocking nails are good at controlling?

A

All forces

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13
Q

External skeletal fixation is good at controlling?

A

All forces

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14
Q

Bone plates are good at controlling?

A

all forces but are weakest at bending combined with compression

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15
Q

2 ways to describe a fracture with soft tissue damage respect

A

Closed

Open

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16
Q

5 ways to describe fractures with regards to cortical disruption

A 
Greenstick
Fissure
Saucer
Complete
Depression
17
Q

Describe a greenstick fracture

A

cortex doesn’t break all the way through

18
Q

Describe a fissure

A

Crack only involving one side of the bone

19
Q

4 ways to describe a fracture with respect to geometry

A

Transverse
Oblique
spiral
Comminuted

20
Q

2 types of oblique fracture

A

Long

short

21
Q

4 types of comminuted fractures

A

butterfly
highly comminuted
segmental
multiple

22
Q

What is the name of the property bone has that means faster or higher energy impacts cause sharding

A

Viscoelastic nature of bone

23
Q

5 ways to describe a fracture with respect to location within a bone

A 
articular
physeal
metaphyseal
diaphyseal
condylar
24
Q

5 ways to describe a fracture with respect to location within a bone

A 
articular
physeal
metaphyseal
diaphyseal
condylar
25
Q

What does a non displaced fracture suggest?

A

Intact periosteal sleeve

26
Q

Always describe displacement with regards to which bone piece?

A

Distal fragment

27
Q

4 causes of bone fractures?

A

Traumatic
Pathologic
Fatigue
Iatrogenic

28
Q

2 types of traumatic forces causing bone fractures

A

Direct (outside)

indirect (action of animals own muscles)

29
Q

Order of fractures description goes?

A 
open/closed
geometry
Cortical disruption/completeness
location on the bone
displacement

Surgery (19 decks)

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