Aseptic technique Flashcards
define asepsis
Absence of microbes that cause disease
define Sterile
Absence of living microorganisms (inanimate objects
define Surgically clean
Destruction of all accessible micro organisms on the surface
define Contaminated
Surface or structure where microorganisms are present
define Contaminated
Surface or structure where microorganisms are present
Define a surgical site infection?
Infection from a surgical incision within 30 days of surgery (1 year for implants)
4 places microorganisms can come from?
Environment
patient
Surgeon
Surgical site
3 environmental factors affecting SSI
Operating room design
Operating room cleaning protocol
traffic and personal in the OR
+1 person in the OR results inwhat increase in infection rate?
30%
5 ways to sterilize equipment
Steam Gas plasma (H2O2) Ionizing radiation Cold chemical
Steam sterilization uses what tool? What temp and time
Autoclave
121 for 15-30 minutes
3 requirements for autoclave to work?
Clean instruments
Correct packing, wrapping
Proper positioning in the unit
Gas sterilization is best used for what?
Heat or moisture sensitive equipment
What is the biggest drawbacks to gas sterilization (3)
Very toxic to personel if exposed
Long sterilization cycle
needs aeration before use
Cold chemical sterilization uses what chemical?
Glutaradehyde
2 caveats to cold chemical
Irritating must rinse it
Resp and dermal effects
10-12 hour duration
For equipment to be cold chemical sterilized it needs to be good with?
Being under water
For equipment to be cold chemical sterilized it needs to be good with?
Being under water
How do we know sterilization worked?
Chemical indicators
biological indicators
2 chemical indicators?
Autoclave tape
indicator strips
What species do they use for biological indicators?
Non pathogenic bacillus
What species do they use for biological indicators?
Non pathogenic bacillus
name 4 general patient factors
Disease status
nutrition status
age and gender
bathing status
3 factors to patient skin preparation
Hair removal is a good thing
After anesthesia is induced or 3-10x infection rate
Avoid hair clipping the paw sif possible
3 goals of skin preparation
To remove dirt
reduce resident microflora
inhibit rapid rebound growth of microbes
What isa better skin prep, chlorhexidine or providone iodine?
Chlorohex
Best contact time for chlorohex? Why?
3 minutes
to bind keratin
5 tips top skin preparation technique
Use sterile gloves
dominant hand to prep non dominant to pick up gauze
circular pattern
do not go back to the middle with the same sponge
don’t scrub too hard
What thread count actually poses a bacterial barrier?
270
2 do nots for draping
Do not readjust the drap
do not re use the towel clamps
4 pieces of surgical attire?
Scrubs
caps
masks
booties or dedicated OR shoes
Are surgical gowns waterproof?
Yes but not the cuffs
Are surgical gloves an absolute barrier?
No 1.5% have holes prior to surgery, 26% have holes at the end of surgery
Microholes are common
How does the infection rate change with time in surgery?
doubles each hour of surgery
3 times when you should use prophylactic antibiotics?
Dirty surgeries
Long surgeries
When infection would be catastrophic
3 times when you should use prophylactic antibiotics?
Dirty surgeries
Long surgeries
When infection would be catastrophic
How doe we give prophylactic antiobiotics in surgery?
IV route to get high tissue levels at time
Give at anesthesia induction
repeat every 90 minutes
stop when skin is closed
What happens if you continue antibiotics for 24 hours?
INcrease in infection
