FP 1922-35

Question 1

when did the Corfu incident start?

Answer 1

17 August 1923

Question 2

how did the Corfu incident start?

Answer 2

Enrico Tellini and a group of Army officers were assassinated

they were there as a part of an inter-allied commission to draw up the border between Greece and Albania

Question 3

who did M blame and who was actually responsible?

Answer 3

M blamed the Greek government

it was actually Greek bandits

Question 4

what demands did M give for the Greek government?

Answer 4

• Greek govt had to attend the funeral in Athens in a Catholic church
• the Italian flag had to be publicly honoured
• a fine of 50 million Lire to be paid to Italy
• a criminal investigation into the assassination
• execution of the assassinators

Question 5

what happened when the demands were not met?

Answer 5

31 August 1923

M orders Italian ships to bombard Corfu island and then occupy it

Question 6

why did M remove trooped from Corfu?

Answer 6

27 September 1923

Conference of Ambassadors and Britain referred it to the League of Nations

Britain threatened Naval action against Italy

M was ordered to remove troops

Question 7

what were Greece ordered to do by the League of Nations?

Answer 7

they had to pay the 50 million Lire demanded by M

Question 8

in what ways was the Corfu incident a VICTORY for Italy?

Answer 8

• huge increase in domestic popularity (just in time for 1924 elections)
• us of Gunboat Diplomacy would have scared other countries
• 50 million Lire recieved
• enhanced the Cult of il Duce (military leader)

Question 9

in what ways was the Corfu incident a DEFEAT for Italy?

Answer 9

• scrutiny from the League of Nations meant Italy had to be more careful
• still vastly inferior to the British who scared M into submission
• Italy was still not a great power

Question 10

when was Fiume officially annexed to Italy?

Answer 10

in 1924

the Treaty of Rome was signed between Italy and Yugoslavia

Question 11

who was in control of Fiume before it’s annexation by Italy?

Answer 11

Yugoslavia

Question 12

what happened to Fiume under Italian control?

Answer 12

it went into economic decline as it was detached from the rest of Italy

Question 13

what were M’s aims in the Balkans?

Answer 13

to surround and dominate Yugoslavia

Question 14

why was Albania key to M’s plans in the Balkans?

Answer 14

working with Albania would allow Mussolini to surround Yugoslavia and take it

Question 15

who was the King in Albania 1928?

Answer 15

Ahmed Zogu

Question 16

what made Albania a satellite state of Italy?

Answer 16

a treaty of friendship signed in 1926

Question 17

in what ways did M put pressure on Yugoslavia?

Answer 17

M funded Croatian separatist groups such as Ustasha

Question 18

what was the Little Entente?

Answer 18

alliance between Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and Romania

Question 19

what was agreed at the Locarno treaties in 1925?

Answer 19

• Germany agreed to it’s western borders

Question 20

were the Locarno Treaties s significant for Italian foreign policy?

Answer 20

NO they achieved NOTHING

the Italian press made it seem like M (who made surprise appearance) was the mediator and the man in charge

in fact Italy got NOTHING out of it

Question 21

what was the Kellog-Briand pact of 1928?

Answer 21

27 August 1928

created to eliminate war from foreign policy

was used for propaganda and had no effect on Italian foreign policy as M just ignored it

Question 22

what was the invasion of Libya called?

Answer 22

Pacification of Libya

1929-32

Question 23

what methods were used in the pacification?

Answer 23

• posion gas
• mass executions
• forced starvation
• concentration camps used for forced labour

Question 24

did the Italian people know much about Libya?

Answer 24

NO

M tried to hide it from the media because it was taking too long and looked like an embarrassment

Question 25

how well armed were the Libyans?

Answer 25

very poorly armed

mainly used some swords and 19th century guns

Question 26

how did M try to deal with his difficulties in Libya?

Answer 26

he hired African mercenaries to fight the Libyans

Question 27

what proportion of the Libyan population starved to death?

Answer 27

1/3

Question 28

who was the rebel leader in Libya and when was he arrested?

Answer 28

Omar el Mukhtar

arrested and publicly hanged in 1931

Question 29

how many Italians did M hope to move in to Libya?

Answer 29

500,000

Question 30

how many Italians actually moved to Libya?

Answer 30

2,500

Question 31

what was M’s THEORY OF ENCIRCLEMENT?

Answer 31

he believed that he was surrounded by enemy factions and that he had no one to trust

he saw Italy as a country with no ‘side’

Question 32

who did M hope to make alliances with?

Answer 32

he offered Italian friendship to the highest bidder which suggested that he only wanted to form alliances with powerful countries

Question 33

why did M adopt such an aggressive foreign policy?

Answer 33

• Hitler rearming would have scared M
• Manchuria 1931
• the Great Depression

Question 34

why was what happened in Manchuria 1931?

Answer 34

• Japan invaded China
• LoN only gave moral sanctions
• showed how weak the LoN was

M would see that he could get away with his own expansion