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Microbio final > fourth colloq > Flashcards

fourth colloq Flashcards

1
Q

S.aureus

A 
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE (gram +)
Structural components
- capsule (inhibits phagycytosis)
- slime layers (faciliates adhesion)
- Peptidoglycan (inhibits phagocytosis)
- Teichoic Acid (binds to fibronectin)
- Lipid A (inhibits antibody mediated clearance)

Toxins

  • Cytotoxins
  • Exofoliative toxin (serine Protease cleaving stratum granulosum)
  • Enterotoxin (release of inflamm. Mediators in mast cells)
  • Toxic-shock-syndrome-toxin 1 (destruc. of endoth.)

Enzymes

  • Coagulase
  • Fibrinolysin
  • Nuclease
  • Lipase
  • Hyaluronidase

DISEASES

  • Osteomyelitis
  • pneumonia
  • folliculitis
  • toxic shock
  • scalded Skin Syndrome

EPIDEMIOLOGY
- not spread by droplets

DIAGNOSTICS

  • microscopy
  • culture
  • bioch. activity Tests
  • PCR
  • antimicrobial suscept. test

TREATMENT
- antibiotics

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2
Q

S. pyogenes

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram +, ß hemolytic, A serogroup
  • A Antigen, M proteins in cell wall
  • inhibit phagocytosis, toxic, invading

DISEASES

  • necrotizing fasciitis
  • Pharyngitis
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • rheumatic Fever
  • toxic shock

EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • spread by droplets
  • bad Hygiene in Children

DIAGNOSTICS

  • microscopy –> soft tissue
  • Anti DNAse B test
  • Antistreptolysin O (GN, RF)
  • Antigen A test (Pharyngitis)

TREATMENT
- antibiotics

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3
Q

S. agalacticae

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram +
  • B Antigen
  • capsule
  • inhibits phagocytosis

DISEASES

  • neonatal infections
  • in pregnant women

EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • in respiratory and genitourinary tract
  • Risk: DM, alcohol, Cancer

DIAGNOSTICS

  • microscopy
  • PCR (for pregnant women)

TREATMENT
- antibiotics

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4
Q

S. Pneumoniae

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram +, Alpha hemolytic
  • teichioc Acid in cell wall
  • phosphorylcholine C in cell wall
  • spread into normally sterile tissues
  • inhibit phagocytosis

DISEASES

  • pneumonia
  • Meningitis
  • bacteremia
  • Sinusitis

EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • endogenous spread
  • spread by droplets is RARE

DIAGNOSTICS

  • Microscopy
  • Antigen test for pneumococcal C Polysaccharide
  • culture (enriched)
  • catalase - negative

TREATMENT
. antibiotics
- vaccine

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5
Q

Enterococci

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram + diplococci
  • Group D Glycerol teichoic Acid
  • anaerobic and Aerobic
  • adhering
  • Biofilm
  • antibiotic resistance

DISEASES

  • Peritonitis
  • urinary tract infections
  • bacteremia
  • wound infections

EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • endogenous spread in both human and animals
  • survives well

DIAGNOSTICS

  • culture
  • simple test (catalase -)

TREATMENT

  • aminoglycoside and cell wall active antibiotics
  • resistance!!
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6
Q

N. Meningitidis

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram - diplococci, catalase and coagulase +
  • in 25 to 37°C
  • capsule
  • pili
  • lipoligosaccharides

DISEASES

  • Meningitis
  • meningococcemia
  • pneumonia

EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • only humans
  • via droplets
  • Meningitis, meningococcemia –> serogroups B, C, Y
  • pneumonia –> serogroups Y, W135

DIAGNOSTICS

  • gram stain of CSF
  • culture

TREATMENT

  • breast feeding –> passive immunity
  • antibiotics
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7
Q

N. gonorrohoaea

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram - diplococci, coagulase and catalase +
  • Needs CO2
  • pilin –> attachment
  • por protein –> inhibits phagolysosome Fusion
  • opa protein –> attachment to eurkaryotes
  • Transferrin-binding prot. –> Acquisition of iron
  • Hemoglobin-binding prot. –> Acquisition of iron

DISEASES
- gonnoroheae

EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • in women often asymptomatic
  • spread via sex
  • only humans

DIAGNOSTICS

  • gram stain (only males)
  • culture
  • nucleic Acid amplification Assay

TREATMENT

  • antibiotics
  • safe sex
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8
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram -
  • Aerobic, coccobacilli
  • intracellular pathogen
  • capsule

DISEASES

  • ulceroglandular tularemia
  • oculoglandular tularemia
  • pneumonic tularemia

EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • from rabbits cats, biting flies
  • infectious dose is small

DIAGNOSTICS

  • serology
  • cysteine supplemented media

TREATMENT

  • live vaccine (mostly for animals)
  • antibiotics
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9
Q

Brucella

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram -, aerobe, coccobacilli
  • intracellular pathogen
  • smooth colonies

DISEASES

  • brucellosis
  • b. Abortus
  • b. suis
  • b. canis

EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • from sheep, cattle, goats
  • animal tissue richt in erythritol

DIAGNOSTICS

  • culture (blood, bone marrow, for at least 3 days)
  • serology

TREATMENT

  • antibiotics
  • vaccination
  • serologic monitoring
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10
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram - rods
  • aerobe
  • strains poorly
  • replication in alveolar macrophages
  • requires I-cysteine
  • prevents phagolysosome Fusion

DISEASES

  • legnionnaires disease
  • Pontiac Fever

EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • in water
  • spradic, epidemic, nosocomial
  • Risk: decr. pulm. function and decr. cellular immunity

DIAGNOSTICS

  • nucleic Acid amplification Assay
  • Antigen test
  • culture on charcoal years extract agar

TREATMENT

  • antibiotics
  • decrease exposure
  • hyperchlorination
  • super heating
  • silver Copper ionization
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11
Q

Heamophilius species

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram - rods or coccobacilli
  • facultative anaerobe
  • requires grwoth factor X and V
  • serologically: A-F
  • biochemically: I-VIII
  • pili
  • type B –> clinically important

DISEASES

  • h. influenzae –> pneumonia, Sinusitis, Meningitis
  • h.aegypticus –> conjunctivitis
  • h.parainfluenzae –> bacteremia, endocarditis

EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • via droplets
  • at Risk: splenoctomy, low antibodies, depleted complement

DIAGNOSTICS

  • microscopy
  • culture on chocolate agar
  • Antigen test

TREATMENT

  • antibiotics
  • conjugated PRP vaccines
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12
Q

P. aeruginosa

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram - rods arranged in pairs
  • oxidase +
  • capsule
  • Toxins
  • adhesins
  • antimicrobial resistance

DISEASES

  • resp. tract, urinary tract, Skin and soft tissue
  • eyes and ears
  • bacteremia
  • endocarditis

EPIDEMIOLOGY

  • high in nature
  • Risk: those treated with a lot of antibiotics, hospitalized patients

DIAGNOSTICS

  • culture (green Color, Grape-like odor)
  • simple Tests

TREATMENT
- combined antibiotics

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13
Q

Yersinia

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram - rods
  • oxidase -
  • facultative anaerobe
  • lipopolysaccharides
  • capsule
  • plasmin activator Protease
  • Absorption of iron

DISEASES

  • y.pestis –> bubonic and pulmonic plague
  • others: Gastroenteritis, Transfusion realted Sepsis

DIAGNOSTICS
- culture

TREATMENT

  • pest –> antibiotics
  • others: –> selft limiting
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14
Q

B. pertussis

A

BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE

  • gram - coccobacilli
  • can oxidase aa
  • Aerobic

adhesins

  • filamentous hemagglutin (binding to sulfated glycoproteins)
  • pertactin (same)
  • pertussis Toxin (S2 to ciliated resp. cells, S3 tp phagocytic cells)
  • fimbriae (attachemtn to mammalian cells)

Toxins

  • pertussis Toxin
  • adenylate cyclase
  • dermonecrotic Toxin
  • tracheal cytotoxin
  • lipopolysaccharide

DISEASES

  • b. pertussis
  • b.parapertussis
  • b. holmessi

EPIDEMIOLOGY
- spread by droplet

DIAGNOSTICS

  • IgA, IgG detection
  • nucleic Acid amplification Assay

TREATMENT

  • vaccine witht he first three adhesins
  • antibiotics
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Microbio final (6 decks)

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